The Physics of Semiconductor Devices
The purpose of this paper is to give a greater understanding of the semiconductor world, for Physics 100 students who have a little knowledge of electronics. I will cover conductors, insulators, semiconductors, and the operation of a diode and a transistor. The reason that it is important to understand these devices is the vast effect that they have had on our modern world. Our lives are filled by electronics, especially in this computerized age that we live in, and I have found that a knowledge of some electronics has greatly helped my understanding of the many electronic devices that we deal with on a daily basis.
To understand the physics of a semiconductor device it is first necessary to take a step back into basic electronics and establish a basis for this discussion. The best starting point is electricity itself. Electricity is simply electrons moving together through a conductive path, conductive meaning that it does not slow it down in any way. There are many papers and books on how electricity works and it is not the purpose of this paper to explain this but rather how electricity moves through certain materials. Every college student in America should know that electricity moves through metal wires, this is because metal conducts electricity. The most common metal used for this purpose is copper. Copper is not the only conductive material in the world, gold, silver, steel, and iron are all examples of metals that conduct electricity. However gold and silver are very expensive and copper conducts electricity better than steel and iron. Metal itself is not the only material that conducts electricity but will conduct it the easiest.
We will now discuss briefly how a copper...
... middle of paper ...
...n.
With the completion of our discussion of Ohms law this paper makes it possible to understand basic semiconductors and how they are used in small circuits. I will again stress how vast the electronics world is becoming and that this is just a small start into that world. Many books are contained on how these two components are used but if taken a small step at a time these are not difficult to understand. I hope that this can give someone a start into this world of knowledge on electricity.
References:
MacDonald, Lorne; Basic Solid State Electronic Circuit Analysis, fourth edition.
The Technical Education Press; Chico California. 2000. MacDonald, Lorne; Practical Circuit Analysis of Amplifiers.
The Technical Education Press; Chico California. 1994.
Physics, a World View; Kirkpatrick and Wheeler, fourth edition, Harcourt College Publishers, 2001.
Kassin, Saul, and Lawrence Wrightsman (Eds.). The Psychology of Evidence and Trial Procedure. Chapter 3. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, 1985. Print.
Now the value of the Schottky barrier height is dependent on the contact resistances of the metal and semiconductor under consideration. The idea of a schottky contact is that when metal and semiconductor are brought into contact with eac...
...society now classifies leisure as simply ‘free time.’ Time away from work or school, no matter how it is enjoyed, is more broadly defined as leisure today.
Otto, A. L., Penrod, S. D., & Dexter, H. R. (1994). The Biasing Impact Of Pretrial Publicity On Juror Judgments. Law and Human Behavior, 18(4), 453-469.
The ubiquity of silicon chips has been primarily driven by the breadth, and rate of innovation in the semiconductor field over the past fifty years. Every realm of human life has benefited from these advancements, and it is gratifying to know that each of us in the field has played a part, however infinitesimal. However, disruptive innovation in the next ten years will surpass all that we have accomplished in the last fifty years.
My own personal philosophy of leisure has been shaped by past and present activities I do for leisure and why I do them. To me, leisure is the sense of being free from external stressors that I face in my life such as school or work. The positive outcomes from partaking in leisure are generally overlooked and often underestimated. Leisure affects our emotions, our physical and mental health, and aids in the creation of relationships. In my own personal life, I have done and still participate in leisure as a way to sooth myself or unwind from the stress of school or work. The release of pent up emotions and energy for individuals helps their relationships with others and their overall health as well. When stress is released, an individual is
Thus according to Pieper, leisure is an attitude of the mind and a state of the soul that fosters a capacity to perceive the reality of the world. Pieper establishes that the ancient and medieval philosophers understood the great value and importance of leisure in doing work and thus, eventually led to building of great societies. He also points out that religion can be born only in leisure as it is only through leisure that actual worship of God is possible. Leisure has been, and always will be, the basic foundation of any culture or religion.
On the planet over, individuals esteem leisure as a basic piece of their way of life and convention. Leisure is considered as an imperative and fundamental piece of each society. Indeed, it is a vital piece of the each person. What a few individuals consider being leisure however may end up being hostile or irritating to others. Synonyms for the term leisure incorporate the words decompression, ease, rest, unwinding, and rest. Subsequently what I consider leisure may not so much be leisure to someone else. This paper depicts my own personal leisure philosophy. It addresses my inspirations for my personal leisure and what is going on in the field of recreation and leisure.
Silicon is the raw material most often used in integrated circuit (IC) fabrication. It is the second most abundant substance on the earth. It is extracted from rocks and common beach sand and put through an exhaustive purification process. In this form, silicon is the purist industrial substance that man produces, with impurities comprising less than one part in a billion. That is the equivalent of one tennis ball in a string of golf balls stretching from the earth to the moon.
In the modern world, we have many devices that help us with our daily lives. These devices include the cellular phone, the music player and many more but none of these devices would exist without the invention of the transistor. The transistor is essentially the most important device ever created. Not because of what it does but because of what size it is. The transistor is absolutely necessary for our day-to-day lives.
Perhaps the most significant impact of home schooling is the actual learning. There are many academic advantages. In a home schooling situation, there is no doubt a more individualized program of study than any traditional school can offer. Whatever a child's pace or level of ability is, it can be met directly. A parent or tutor can focus exactly on what the child needs extra help or improvement in, as well as what the child excels at.(Ray, 2014) In a public school, teachers must teach to "the middle" and have little time to cater to an individual student's needs on a regular basis.
In 1947 with the invention of the transistor, the role of the interconnect has proven to be a critical component in the design and manufacture of integrated circuits1. Various metals and manufacturing techniques have been employed, from pure Aluminum to Tungsten plugs to the metal that is used in the High Volume Manufacture of integrated circuit today, Copper.
In modern days, silicon’s primary use is semiconductors in electronics. Nearly all electronics in the world have at least one semiconductor and that semiconductor wouldn’t be possible without silicon. The process of turning raw silicon into a usable resource is still unchanged, like everything, the process has been modernized and quickened with electric ovens and preciously controlled environments.
Lindberg, A. A. The History of the Integrated Circuit. Retrieved Mar. 03, 2005, from Nobelprize.org Web site: http://nobelprize.org/physics/educational/integrated_circuit/history
Computer chips have opened the doors for so many technologies to succeed and automated many of the trivial functions of work that once took hundreds of hours to complete The discovery, research and evolution of semiconductors has made this technology possible. Semiconductors are one of the essential building blocks for computer chips and without them modern computing would not be possible. “Simply defined, semiconductors are generally certain elements (such as silicon) and chemical compounds (such as lead sulfide) that allow, but still resist the flow of electricity” [1]. Semiconductor properties allow the conductivity of the said material to be controlled with electrical impulses. In recent decades great strides have been made concerning materials