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genetic testing
genetic screening outline
genetic screening outline
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Imagine the idea that you and your spouse are expecting a baby. You know that you both are carriers for ADA, a rare genetic immunodeficiency disease caused by lack of the enzyme adenosine deaminase. If your child received copies of the allele from both of you, he will have persistent infections and a high risk of early cancer, and may die in his first months of life (Grace par 10). Do you want to know if your child has the disease? If you do, you will undergo genetic screening, the testing for genetic diseases (Encyclopedia.com).
The Technical Aspects of Genetic Screening
Genetic screening began in 1934, in Norway, when a mother of two mentally handicapped children told a relative, a chemist, that her children's diapers had an odd smell. The chemist did some testing on the children's urine and found a biochemical abnormality, the children's urine contained too much of one chemical and not enough of another. They had inherited PKU, phenylketonuria, a disorder that causes the lack of ability to metabolize phnylalaine. Children suffering from this disorder are put on very strict diets in order to avoid mental retardation (Burge par 2).
Genetic screening is now used every day, when an amniocentesis is performed the fetus has just undergone genetic screening. Scientists can detect disease-baring mutations, test for genetic predisposition to diseases, and discover some physical characteristics and behavior traits that lie within your genes, all through genetic screening (White par 2).
Many types of genetic tests are available today. The most common type is newborn screening. Blood samples of newborns are tested for abnormal or missing gene products, some of these tests look for abnormal arrangements of the chemical bases in the ...
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...w.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEPC/NIH/
Website #2: Analytical Genetic Testing Center. "What is a paternity test?" Obtained from the WWW: http://www.geneticid.com/WE01001.htm
Website # 3: DNA Learning Center. "DNA Fingerprinting." Obtained from the WWW: http://vector.cshl.org/resources/aboutdnafingerprinting.html
Website #4: Encyclopedia.com.1994. Obtained from the WWW: http://www.encyclopedia.com/articles/04986.html
Website #5:Healthline Magazine. "Genetic Screening. " August 1994. Obtained from the WWW: http://www.healthline.org/articles/oldfiles/hl940804
Website #6: Human Body. "DNA in Criminal Investigations." Obtained from WWW: http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/ap/dynamichuman2/content/humbody/reading24.mhtml
Website #7: Human Genome Education Model Project II. "Genetic Testing Fact Sheet." Obtained from WWW: http://www.dml.georgetown.edu/hugem/FGT.htm
The phrase Catch 22, which after the novel was published became a common idiom, plays a focal part in the novel. It can be seen as the unwritten loophole in every written law which empowers the authorities to revoke your rights whenever it suits them; it is, in short, the principle of absolute evil in a malevolent and flawed world. Dogged by Catch-22, Yossarian becomes a tormented witness to the slaughter of his crew members and the destruction of all his closest friends, until finally his fear of death becomes so intense that he refuses to wear a uniform, after his own has been bespattered with the guts of his dying gunner. Yossarian’s predica...
After April writes the Christmas Story, incorporating things in her life while living with the DeRosiers, she is transferred to St. Bernadette’s Academy. While at St. Bernadette she tells a very big lie. She tells all her friends that her parents had died in a plane crash, this shows how she is still looking down at her heritage.
Yossarian, the protagonist of the book, as he flashes back on his experiences and encounters
Advantages of genetic testing may be helpful in determining whether or not you have a disease or are proba...
One of the few main targets of Heller’s satire is the bureaucracy and unfairness of this system within the establishment of the military. Because the book is set in a military base during the war, Heller uses characters and situations to manifest his ridicule upon the higher ranked men who are responsible for this. Colonel Cathcart, the commanding officer in Yossarian’s regiment, is obsessed throughout the book with becoming a general and that is what his character desires to achieve throughout the story. He is also joined by his lieutenant colonel, Colonel Korn, who is obsessed with being a full colonel. But in the novel, these obsessions become relentless and higher ranking officers such as Korn and Cathcart yield power to their advantage for their own ambitions, thus stripping away democratic freedoms of the lower ranking officers such as Yossarian and creating a relentless bureaucracy. Instead of flying the extra missions Colonel Cathcart continuously assigns for his country, Yossarian realizes that it really has nothing to do with the war effort and begs the question, "am I supposed to get my ass shot off just because the colonel wants to ...
By using identified gene mutations that are known to cause diseases, asymptomatic individuals are able to discover if they are at risk for specific genetic conditions; this is known as genetic testing. Unfortunately, genetic testing can vary in its predictive ability. For example, Huntington disease, Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Fragile X syndrome and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 are conditions that can be determined by genetic testing (Samen, 1996). In contrast, for multifaceted diseases like Alzheimer’s, breast and ovarian cancer and colorectal cancer, predisposition can be determined with genetic testing. However, an absolute diagnosis of those diseases cannot be made (Heshka et al., 2008).
In order to impede the epidemic of childhood obesity, the actual causes of the problem need to be evaluated and dissected. Obesity in children is becoming a huge problem in American society. In the past three decades, the rate of overweight children has increased by 300%. This is an alarming rate that is only climbing higher. Every member in society should take steps to becoming healthier. This would help the present generations as well as future generations to come. The lifestyle of Americans keeps us too busy to be a healthy society.
Genetic Screening comes with a lot of pros and cons. It's great for people who come from families with a common disease because there is a chance that genetic screening will inform them whether or not they have that disease. Unfortunately, the outcome is not 100% accurate. Therefore, the results aren't always necessarily true. Those who choose to go under the screening and receive great results are very lucky because they were saved from going through the difficult process of taming a disease. Those who go under the testing and do not receive good
Given these points, Thomas’s idea are mostly correct and to a certain extent, there are still hopes for the groups that does goods. The California Water War and Hurricane Haiyan well explains that cities and nations can be greedy, selfish and cruel which proves Thomas’s point to be valid. But to a certain extent, groups may not be bad all the time. The Salvation Army and the American Red Cross shows the exception to Thomas’s argument, providing aids, assistance, educations, and donations to those who need it in various ways. In addition, the Iks may be selfish and cruel, behaving bad whether its individually or in groups, I believe the Iks can only sometimes be compared to the Committees, cities, or nations, but not all the time.
Genetic screening can be used to refer to any activity that locates or advises people about genetically connected diseases. The first large-scale genetic screening project began in the 1960's with the Guthrie test which tests infants for PKU (phenylketonuria) (Munson, 1996). Currently with the advances being made by the Human Genome project we are achieving a much more detailed understanding of the relationship between specific genes and diseases. Approximately nine hundred gene or gene markers have been linked to diseases (Munson, 1996). With all of the new information about our genes, the ability to develop tests to screen for these genes is becoming possible for a much larger number of diseases. Some of the current DNA tests available diagnose Adult polycystic kidney disease, Alpha-1-Antitrypsin deficiency, familial adenomatous polyposis, hemophilia, Huntington's disease, myotonic dystrophy, and familial breast cancer susceptibility (Munson, 1996). Many more tests are well on the way to being developed. With the possibility o...
The desire to have a "normal" child is held by every parent and only now are we beginning to have the ability to select for that child. In preparation to receiving genetic testing, the parents are required to meet with a genetic counselor. A detailed description of the testing methods are reviewed with the couple as well as the risks which are involved with each. Upon an understanding of the procedures, the counselor discusses the many possible outcomes which could be the result of the diagnosis. Finally, before any tests are performed, anxieties from either of the parents are addressed as well as the psychological well-being of the parents.
Genetic testing, also known as screening, is a rapidly advancing new scientific field that can potentially revolutionize not only the world of medicine, but many aspects of our lives. Genetic screening is the sequencing of human DNA in order to discover genetic differences, anomalies, or mutations that may prove pathological. As genetic screening becomes more advanced and easily accessible, it presents society with difficult questions that must be asked about the boundaries of science and to what degree we are allowed to tamper with the human genome. To better understand the potential impact of genetic screening on our society, we must examine the potential benefits in comparison to the possible negative impact it may cause. With this knowledge in hand, we can examine what the future holds for this field of study and the best possible direction to take.
Genetic testing has become a highly controversial issue among both the general population and the scientific community. It is a process that exposes a person’s entire genome sequence, allowing it to be read and evaluated to identify potential risks for genetic diseases or diseases that could be passed onto offspring (Holt Productions, 2012). With thousands of genetic tests already being used, and more being established, it seems logical to put this growing technology to use. Some agree that it is a person’s right to know and understand his or her genetic makeup. However, others argue that, despite the benefits of genetic testing, caution should be used to carefully inspect the risks associated with this new technology.
Genetic testing can help people determine why they get cancer or other diseases. Genetic testing is recommended to people who have a family history of a genetic disease, have children who are born with genetic defects, and have gone through more than one miscarriage in the past. Though these te...