Overpopulation in India: The Need for Improved Quality and Diversity of Contraceptive Options
On May 11, 2000, Astha (Faith) was born in the Indian capital on New Delhi.[1] Her birth was not only a significant occasion for her parents, but for the entire Nation of India. Astha’s birth was designated the official point at which the Indian population crossed the one billion human beings mark.[2] India was thus officially inaugurated into the very exclusive one billion inhabitants of one nations club, and the world was left to ponder the repercussions of such a development. Stepping over the one-billion line brought into question all the policies, efforts, and difficulties that the Indian government had implemented and fought for over a half a century in order to prevent just such a joyous occasion from happening.
The Indian Family Planning Program, initiated in 1952, was a sign of the desire of Indian leadership to develop the nation and take the steps necessary to do so. The program has evolved throughout the years, meeting varied success; however, in the year 2000 one aspect of the program has become blatantly clear – it has not succeeded in slowing India’s rapid population growth to a population replacement level. One of the major reasons India has failed to reach the replacement rate is because of a family planning program that emphasized sterilization as the main method of contraception and de-emphasized temporary methods. The services provided by the program were of poor quality. If the Indian government can even hope to reach its ultimate total fertility rate (TFR) of 2.1 in all of its states and provinces, it must shift its policy from the emphasis on sterilization as the main method of birth con...
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...could be a good alternative for women who forget to take daily birth control pills. The ring is inserted into the vagina where it releases estrogen and progestin. The benefit of the ring is that it can be inserted for three weeks at a time thus disposing of the daily pill-taking requirements of traditional oral contraceptives. The widespread availability of such a method could have a similar effect as that of centchroman. Another contraceptive method, the female condom, could help alleviate cultural resistance to birth control. The female condom would perhaps increase participation in family planning by those couples who do not wish to use methods that have more side effects, but whose male partner is reluctant to use condoms.
[47] Government of India. Department of Family Planning. National Population Policy. 2000. http://mohfw.nic.in/ppolicy.html.pdf
Periodontitis (less commonly known as pyorrhea) is a cluster of diseases that affect the tissues that support and surround teeth. These tissues are collectively known as the periodontium. The disease is caused by microbes that grow on the tooth surface. another feature of the disease is the fact that once these microbes establish themselves, the immune response by the body tends to be over-aggressive, which can lead to tissue loss and other problems. Typically this disease is diagnosed using a multi-faceted approach, which includes using hand instruments to measure the depth of periodontal pockets and taking X-ray films of the patients mouth to determine bone loss.
Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition leading to destruction of connective tissues and migration of the gingival attachment to create a pocket (1). Periodontal disease begins with bacterial growth in the mouth which leads to tooth loss if it is not treated properly. In the early stage of this disease bacteria grow in plaque, causing a swelling or inflammation in gums that can damage the tissues which surround the teeth. These changes are induced by the diffusion of bacterial products through the affected epithelium (2, 6). An inappropriate host immune response also has a role in tissue destruction in periodontitis (9).
Periodontal disease, or periodontitis, is an “inflammation of the gums that leads to multiple dental diseases…caused by infections or by plaque that adheres to the surface of the teeth” (Blake 86). Gingivitis is an “early form of periodontal disease that involves gum swelling, bleeding, and oral pain” (Blake 86). Thus, periodontal disease typically moves from the early stage of gingivitis to more progressive stages, gradually worsening until teeth are potentially lost or separated from the gums or jaw bone. Subsequently, the risk of heart attack, stroke, and other health problems can occur (Nordqvist 1).
The purpose of this paper is to illuminate and discuss healthcare vulnerabilities of the elderly rural population in Baker County, Florida and describe how the nursing profession can address these problems. Rural health has been a complex and multifaceted challenge for government and healthcare practitioners. The elderly who live alone in the county suffer from low socioeconomic status, low health literacy rates, declining cognitive and physical health and lack of healthcare facilities. The health status of this vulnerable group is impacted by rural culture and social values, healthcare policy and funding affecting rural healthcare facilities, distance and lack of transportation, and health literacy.
More than 70 countries around the world continue to criminalize same-sex sexual behavior between consenting adults, with penalties ranging from fines to imprisonment and even to death.18 These discriminatory laws against gay men and other MSM are more common in countries in sub-S...
"Trouble brews over gay issue: province of Central Africa 'could' split." Anglican Journal Oct. 2007: 8. Academic OneFile. Web. 7 Apr. 2014.
Nelson Mandela was born in Mvezo, a village in the Transkei, on July 18, 1918. The definition of Rolihlahla actually means “pulling the branch of a tree”. After the passing away of Nelson’s father’s in the year 1927, Mandela became the ward of Jongintaba Dalindyebo, the Paramount Chief, to be developed to grasp his place in high office. As a result of listening to the elder’s stories of his ancestor’s valor during the resistance wars, he aspired too of creating his own significant addition to the freedom tribulation of his people. He then enrolled at the University College of Fort Hare; there he was elected onto the Students’ Representative Council. He was suspended from college for being involved in a protest boycott, and it was an action such as this that gave some people the impression that Nelson Mandela was a trouble maker. Mr. Mandela had gotten acquainted with Walter Sisulu in 1941 and it was he, Sisulu, who arranged for Nelson to do articles at Lazar Sidelsky’s law firm. Mandela completed his Bachelor of Arts degree through the University of South Africa in 1942.While studying Nelson made his venture into politics, and joined the African National Congress in 1943.
The first step toward Liberalism consists of the respect of human rights. Although the declaration of human rights does not explicitly express gay’s rights, its core objective is to protect individuals rights to live free and away from physical harm regardless from their sex, origin, race or gender. Therefore, violence against any individual is a disrespect of human rights that cannot be warranted by any religious or cultural assertion. Unfortunately, physical abuses against LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) are still practiced in Lebanon leaving the victims with long lasting physical and psychological damages. Kotecha (2013), in her article “Lebanon’s gay-friendly reputation challenged by abuses”, stated that in 2012, the police broke into a Beirut cinema and detained more than 30 individuals supposed to be homosexuals. These individuals were exposed to physical abuses in terms of anal inspection in order to reveal whether they have been exposed to any unnatural sexual intercourse. The reporter continues in an interview with one t...
Albuquerque, C., F. Morinha, J. Requicha, T. Martins, I. Dias, H. Guedes-Pinto, E. Bastos, and C. Viegas. "Canine Periodontitis: The Dog as an Important Model for Periodontal Studies." The Veterinary Journal 191.3 (2012): 299-305. University of Michigan Dearborn Library Catalog. Web. 18 Mar. 2014.
His concept of independent assortment explains how alleles on different chromosomes are distributed randomly to individual gametes (http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/mendels-laws-of-inheritance.html). This combined with his law of segregation ensures genetic variation.
1946 saw the birth of the Baby Boom era with more than 3.8 million babies born in that year alone.The baby boom lasted until 1964, when we saw a drastic decrease in births. This sudden and very beneficial decline could in part be attributed to the availability of birth control. Birth control, otherwise known as “contraceptives,” are very useful to many women (62%). While birth control is seen by many as a great advantage, those who disagree with it still view contraceptives as taboo or a violation of a sacred right. Contraceptives, not only help in healthy family planning, but also have many beneficial side effects for women’s health, there for the government should keep funding Birth Control as well as places that help women receive contraceptives
Walmart is a retail giant that just about everyone in America has purchased something from them. It is a one stop shop for anything that a person could ever need. Walmart stores can be found anywhere in fact most people are less than an hour drive away from a Walmart store. Walmart’s success has put many companies out of business. The chains success is primarily from low prices and using an information technology system to meet customer demands giving them a competitive advantage. Walmart’s first major use of information technology came in 1975 when the company leased an IBM computer system to track inventory in warehouses and distribution centers. Computers have come a very long way since this time and are used almost everywhere. But in 1975 this was cutting edge technology and gave Walmart the competitive advantage over other retailers. Another thing that Walmart used to be revolutionary in their supply chain was the use of scanning barcodes in 1983. Before barcodes objects had to be read by a skilled cashier. With barcodes all that was needed was a quick scan and the computer would do all the work. This greatly sped up checkout time and made tracking inventory and data collection much faster and easier for both customers and the employees. Since this time it has become an industry standard for products.
Over the past couple of years, Walmart has boosted its e-commerce operations and bringing in a large portion of revenues from online sales (Aronow & Burkett, 2015, p. 20). Gartner Inc. describes Walmart as a “supply chain pioneer” that has continued its push into e-commerce and has expanded investment in multichannel drive-thru pick-up centers and a ‘click-and-collect’ grocery service offered at some of its stores (Aronow & Burkett, 2015, p. 20). One of the components of Walmart’s supply chain in which their success is heavily relied on is the continuous improvement of their supply management as a whole, particularly within their e-commerce division. According to an article on the website logistics company Cerasis, “Not only has Walmart excelled over the decades in traditional supply chain management but… is also focused on continuous improvement by investing more into emerging technologies to capture more of the e-commerce market…” (University of San Francisco, 2015). A concept that our class had discussed time and time again throughout the semester was the concept of continuous improvement. Any given organization or business is constantly focused on continuously improving their business for the better. For Walmart, they believe that the anticipatory action of investing in emerging technologies will help differentiate themselves from the competition
What do you think about when you think about India? You might think about India’s large democracy, it’s festivals, and how they dress. But beyond the surface, there is much more than that going on in India, such as the declining rate of women in India. India has had a falling number of women in India since 1961. There are multiple reasons for this. Baby girls are being killed, women are being raped and killed and women are killing themselves due to depression caused by men. In 21st century India, reversing the rate of female births and deaths in India must be a top priority. This is a major problem because India needs women to make children so their population could grow, children are healthier when taken cared for by their mother; and the crime and rape rate will go up.The most effective ways of tackling the problem include making laws that takes control from men, giving women more freedom, putting more people in jail for killing their baby girls and giving women guards to walk with them at night for safety.
Nelson Mandela’s was born in July, 1918 in a small village in South Africa called Qunu, in the Transkei province. His name, Nelson, was given to him during his first day in school at the age of seven. At the time, he was the first of his family to get an education, but African students were given british names. The education in African schools was all related to british culture and thought. Nelson believed that British life was the reigning culture outside of his tribal life. Before Nelson went to school, he grew up in an African tribe; he was born into the tribal clan called Madiba. The clan is part of the Thembu people and a Xhosas speaking community. When Nelson was nine years old his father, who was a tribal chief, passed away and Nelson became the foster son of the paramount Thembu chief, the Regent. The Regent and his family trained Nelson for leadership. Nelson was being groomed to be an advisor to the future tribal chief when he became older. He was influenced by the trials he saw in his tribe led by the chief. Being raised in the traditional African tribal culture protected him from racial discrimination, and later on being confronted with the prejudice apartheid regime in the world outside the clan; it influenced...