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The Christ–like Prospero of Shakespeare’s The Tempest
It is not only the goodness of man which, according to traditional Christian concepts ,is not germane to himself. His very being, and his ultimate destiny stems alike from a principle that is infinitely beyond him (Morris 143).
What was Prospero attempting to accomplish through the creation of the storm? Why would he go to that length of natural disaster, if the events would only end in an unharmed manner?
Prospero. But are they, Ariel, safe?
Ariel. Not a hair perished. On their sustaining garments not a blemish but fresher than before; (1.2.218-221).
It was Prospero’s innate goodness that created a merciful storm, temporarily displacing his brother, the Duke, and the ship’s crew. Prospero use of magic allowed him to realize that his power surpassed the Duke’s. What might create empathy in the readers and viewers of this play is that Prospero had double the power of Antonio, the Duke and it showed through his merciful treatment of the storm’s creation. Prospero used intellect and did not operate on emotions solely, which could make the interpretation of the storm more philosophical, than vengeful. Because Prospero was a scholar, his plan became well thought out and the consequences were considered before hand, instead of acting on impulse, worrying about the outcome of those actions when it's too late. The power of nature was apparent to Prospero. His treatment of that power showed that he just wanted to return the rightful position of Duke to himself. "A man’s will, in order to be good, must be conformed to the Divine will….a will must be referred to the common good as an end, and formally will the Divine and universal good in addition to a particular good"...
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Greenblatt, Stephen. gen. ed. The Norton Shakespeare. New York: Norton Company, 1997.
Knight, G. Wilson. Shakespeare and Religion: Essays of Forty Years. New York:
Simon and Schuster Publishing, 1968.
Knox , Bernard . The Tempest. New York: Penguin Group, 1987.
"Magic". The Encyclopedia Britannica. 1971. ed.
Morris, Ivor. Shakespeare's God. London: Rustin House, 1972.
Smith, Hallet. Twentieth Century Interpretations of The Tempest. New Jersey:
Prentice Hall, 1969.
The New Oxford Annotated Bible. Bruce M. Metzger and Roland E. Murphy, ed.
New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.
The Tempest presents the character of Prospero the usurped duke of Milan. In the beginning Prospero’s character can be described as foul, spiteful, and selfish. This can be seen in various scenes in acts one and two of the play where he treats the people around him as his servants especially the fateful Ariel who reminded him of his promise only to be threatened of imprisonment. He’s selfish in the sense that he would do anything to accomplish his goal of executing his plan. Like a master puppeteer he is manipulative and deceptive. He even manipulates his daughter to fit according to his scheme. However, all of his foul characteristics left him as his plan nears its end. It is as if the shedding of his clothes represented his change is personality and attitude. After Prospero discarded his staff, drowned his magic book, and wore his duke garments he became more responsible and sympathetic. Instead of exacting revenge on the king of Naples a...
In Oscar Wilde’s drama The Importance of Being Earnest, he uses light-hearted tones and humor to poke fun at British high society while handling the serious theme of truth and the true identity of who is really “Earnest.” Truth as theme is most significantly portrayed through the women characters, Gwendolen and Cecily but to present serious themes comically, Wilde portrays women to be the weaker sex of society, despite the seriousness of the subject—the identity of the men they want to marry.
The Importance of Being Earnest is regarded as one of the most successful plays written by Oscar Wilde, a great 19th century playwright. Oscar Wilde deals with something unique about his contemporary age in this drama. It addresses Victorian social issues, French theatre, farce, social drama and melodrama. All these factors influenced the structure of the play in a large scale. This play is basically a Victorian satirical drama showcasing the social, political, economic and religious structural changes that affected 18th century England. It was the time when British Empire had captured most part of the world including Oscar Wilde’s homeland, Ireland. The aristocrats of England had become dominant over the middle and poor class people and Wilde wrote plays with the motivation to encourage people to think against the English aristocracy and artificiality.
Shakespeare's play, The Tempest tells the story of a father, Prospero, who must let go of his daughter; who brings his enemies under his power only to release them; and who in turn finally relinquishes his sway over his world - including his power over nature itself. The Tempest contains elements ripe for tragedy: Prospero is a controlling figure bent on taking revenge for the wrongs done to him, and in his fury he has the potential to destroy not only his enemies, but his own humanity and his daughter's future.
“Ignorance is like a delicate fruit; touch it, and the bloom is gone,” engraves Oscar Wilde as he sets the literary table with a bountiful demonstration of Victorian satire. “The Importance of Being Earnest” is evidently a comic critic of late Victorian value (Schmidt 5). Brought into this world from Dublin, Ireland, to well-heeled parents in 1854. Wilde received an opportunity for social improvement when graduating from Oxford University, after receiving a financial scholarship that gave him a first hand account of the upper crust society lifestyle which allowed him to acquire material to poke fun at (Moss 179). Wilde shows his characters as if they knew that people where watching them. By doing that he caused the audience to feel that the actors had authentic regret about their characters actions (Foster 19).
Before considering the purpose of Prospero's experiment, we should note how central to all his magic Ariel is. And Ariel is not human but a magical spirit who has been released from natural bondage (being riven up in a tree) by Prospero's book learning. The earlier inhabitants of the island, Sycorax and Caliban, had no sense of how to use Ariel, and so they simply imprisoned him in the world which governs them, raw nature. Prospero's power depends, in large part, on Ariel's release and willing service. In that sense, Ariel can be seen as some imaginative power which makes the effects of the theatre (like lightning in the masts of the boat) possible. One of the great attractions of this view of the play as a celeb...
The Importance of Being Earnest, uses comedy and farce to display a light hearted approach to the hugely powerful upper class of Victorian society and add a playful edge to their actions. Although it could also be seen as a comedic shell for the true nature of Wilde’s comment upon the society in which it is set, exposing the flaws and inconsistencies that the upper class was built upon. It will be necessary to consider whether Wilde is purposely commenting on the dysfunction of the society in which he lived, or if it does in fact only serve as a comedy.
In William Shakespeare's The Tempest, Prospero lives with his daughter Miranda on a deserted island. On the surface, he appears to be a benevolent leader doing his best to protect and care for the inhabitants of the island, especially for Miranda. On closer inspection, however, Prospero plays God, controlling and creating each individual to fit the mold he desires. He takes advantage of his authority over the people and situations he encounters while wearing a facade of integrity and compassion to disguise his wily intentions and to retain love and respect.
Prospero's intent throughout the course of The Tempest is neither to revenge himself upon his enemies, nor to reconcile himself with his estranged brother. It is, rather, to orchestrate the reclamation of his lost duchy, Milan, through both his magic and a shrewd manipulation of both the shipwrecked party and the islanders (Caliban and Miranda).
The nucleus of the plot in Shakespeare's The Tempest revolves around Prospero enacting his revenge on various characters who have wronged him in different ways. Interestingly enough, he uses the spirit of Ariel to deliver the punishments while Prospero delegates the action. Prospero is such a character that can concoct methods of revenge but hesitates to have direct involvement with disillusioning his foes. In essence, Prospero sends Ariel to do his dirty work while hiding his involvement in shipwrecking his brother, Antonio, from his daughter, Miranda.
All in all Oscar Wilde’s ‘The Importance of Being Earnest’ preserves its comedic appeal to an ever changing contemporary audience despite the fact it was written in the Victorian era. The use of literacy devices and satirical techniques exhibits the themes of marriage, death and the use of the word earnest and how it correlates to the play showcase the satirical craftsmanship of his epigram and with this proves that this renowned piece of literature sparked uproar during 19th century Britain which preserved the Irish born playwright as one of the greatest.
He has had 12 years to replay the event over and over in his head and in my opinion I don’t disagree with him for holding a grudge. His own brother betrayed his trust and the king who is supposed to be honest and noble went behind his back and kicked him off his position. We can see that this affected him deeply because of the way he tells Miranda “My brother and thy uncle, call 'd Antonio / I pray thee, mark me—that a brother should / Be so perfidious!—he whom next thyself / Of all the world I loved and to him put / The manage of my state; as at that time” (The Tempest 1. 2. 165-169). Prospero was disappointed in the fact that his own brother, who he loved and trusted the most could betray him like that and the way that he keeps repeating “Thy false uncle— Dost thou attend me?” to Miranda over and over gives me the feeling that he wants her to hear and understand that people are capable of doing anything for power even if they are related by blood or not (1. 2.
The tempest in the beginning of the play is a symbol of Prospero’s magic. His magic is used as an abusive form of power, utilized for the purpose of self indulgence and personal profit. Prospero’s magic and the manner in which he uses his powers unethically reveals his willingness to go to any lengths to achieve his goals. He uses physical and psychological manipulation to achieve his goal of regaining his dukedom, disregarding the possible effects of his actions on those he manipulates. Prospero abuses his power over his servants so they can perform the tasks needed to execute his plan. Prospero also benefits from his manipulation of his own daughter. His influences in Miranda and Ferdinand’s relationships are to his advantage in furthering his scheme for vengeance. The members of the royal party are those which suffer the most from Prospero’s unethical use of magical power. Prospero first creates the Tempest to capsize their ship for the purpose of enacting his plan for revenge. While on the island, he continuously uses his magic to terrorize the group, he allows Alonso to grieve Ferdinand and believe him dead. Prospero also manipulates them with magical illusions in sending Ariel as Harpy to threaten them, “Lingering perdition, —worse than any death / —shall step by step attend / You and your ways” (3.3.77-79) After which he works their minds into a madness, and then later imprisons them. Even Prospero’s supposedly virtuous decision to give up his magical powers and release the prisoners is a selfish one. Moreover, it is Ariel, not Prospero, who proposes that the royal party be pardoned. From the beginning of the play until this point, Prospero has been wholly consumed by his need for power and revenge. Prospero shows no mercy or remorse to those he manipulates until
Prospero presents himself as a victim of injustice, however his belief of justice and injustice is somewhat contradicting. He takes advantage of this authority over other people and situations he encounters while using his integrity and compassion to mask his dangerous plans and to retain love and respect. The Tempest in the end suggests that love and compassion are more effective political tools than violence, hatred or even abusive magic.
In the Tempest we learn that Prospero was focused on vengeance upon the king’s group by his sense of justice because of what Alonso, Antonio and Sebastian have wrought upon him and his daughter Miranda. Using his and Ariel’s