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The noon bell rings at an elementary school in the United States. The children walk in a supervised line from their classrooms to the cafeteria. Their smiles and voices reflect their anticipation and excitement after a long morning of learning. Once inside the cafeteria, they find their friends, sit down, and examine their lunches. I hear laughter and the typical lunch trading by those who didn't get what they expected in their brown bags. In the school office, a short distance from the cafeteria, a large group of children somberly wait in line for their medication. The school secretary is dispensing Ritalin. I'm told this medication will help them manage their attention behavior until they go home. But whom the Ritalin is really for is the issue I feel the need to examine.
In my search for the truth on the Web I find 13,200 sites on the drug Ritalin. What I find most interesting is the site, breggin.com. There are over a dozen with the breggin address. As I begin to view the sites, I see that breggin is actually Breggin, M.D. Peter Breggin, M.D. has quite an opinion on the overuse of psychiatric medication, specifically Ritalin, dispensed to American children. I decided to check out his credibility, as all good critical thinkers would do.
Dr. Peter Breggin is the director and founder of the Center for the Study of Psychiatry and Psychology. He is a Harvard graduate and considers himself a critic of biological psychiatry. His credentials are revered among his peers, as his website stated. Ginger Breggin whom, I presume, is a relative of the good doctor built that website. Breggin has written more than a dozen books attempting to educate the reader against using psychiatric drugs, including several titles examining Ritalin. I...
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...disease so the active children can take a pill. Ritalin is given to children so the parents can handle their over-committed lives. Ritalin is given to children so teachers can better manage their overcrowded classrooms. Ritalin is given to children by doctors to pacify screaming parents who are convinced there is something wrong with their energetic kids. Ritalin is for the adults medicating themselves through their children. Ritalin is given to the wrong patient.
WORK CITED
Breggin, Peter M.D. "Eric Harris was taking Luvox (a Prozac-like drug) at the time of the Littleton murders" 30 April 1999. 10 February 2000. http://www.breggin.com/luvox.html
Breggin, Peter M.D. Editorial/Letters, The New York Times 20 May 1996. 16 February 2000. http://www.breggin.com/
Wiener, Jerry M.D. "Is Ritalin Overprescribed?" 17 February 2000. http://www.familyeducation.com/
A central nervous system (CNS) stimulant, methylphenidate—more commonly known as Ritalin—is drug prescribed in the treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) ((1)). AD/HD, by definition, is "developmentally inappropriate behavior, including poor attention skills, impulsivity, and hyperactivity" sustained for more than 6 months, appearing usually during childhood2 ((2)). Figures estimate an approximate 3-5% of children are affected by the disorder. Differing views, however, exist about the legitimacy of the majority of these diagnoses. In light of this, the object of this assessment is to examine the bodily and societal implications of methylphenidate.
Turner’s Syndrome, which is one of the most common chromosomal abnormalities, is defined as “a syndrome with a chromosome count of 45 and only one X chromosome.” Turner’s was first described in 1938. Henry Turner, an endocrinologist from Oklahoma City, was the first to discover this syndrome. He was curious about why seven of his female patients, six adolescents and one adult, who he was treating for dwarfism and lack of development, were not responding to the treatments. He described the women as not matured, with short necks and low hairlines in the back, and an increased angle at which the elbow was bent. After many tests, the results showed that all of the women were missing an X chromosome.
Steele, C., Spencer, S. J., & Aronson, J. (2002). Contending with group image: The psychology of stereotype and social identity threat. (In M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 34, pp. 379-440. New York, NY: Academic Press.
Turner’s syndrome is a genetic conditions that affects the female’s sex chromosome. In (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001417/) Turner’s syndrome occurs when cells are missing all or part of an X chromosome. It’s common of the female patient to only have one X chromosome. Although, some individuals may have two X chromosomes but one is defective. It is thought that an estimated 1 out of 2000-2500 females suffer from this genetic condition worldwide but it’s usually females with this condition don’t survive their birth. Due to this abnormality, the genes that is defective “affect the growth and sexual development of the female” (http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/disorders/whataregd/turner/). However other disabilities and delays do occur even though these traits can vary case by case.
In order to comprehend this article, one must have a concept of self-esteem. Self- esteem is the personal evaluation of one’s worth as a person. Most individuals subject self-esteem as the “feeling that one is ‘good enough.” Also, individuals believe those with high self- esteem tend to believe they are superior to others, which is not necessarily true. Another inaccurate assumption on self- esteem interprets that talents and abilities are influential on self-esteem. Also, self- esteem is not
Turner Syndrome is a genetic disorder that is characterized by the absence of part or all of the second X chromosome in women. Women who have Turner Syndrome typically have short stature, sexual infantilism, congenital webbing of the neck, and cubitus valgus, which is when the forearm is angled away from the body at a greater degree than normal. A number of health issues accompany the absence of this X chromosome, indicating that a large number of specialists are needed in order to properly treat this disease. These specialists include embryology, pediatrics, gynecology and obstetrics, endocrinology, cardiology, gastroenterology, otorhinology, and ophthalmology (Gravholt, 2005).
U.S. Heath News reported (2013) that 6.4 million children ages 4 to 17 have been diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Since 2007, the utilization of stimulant medication to treat ADHD has jumped 11% nationally as a whole. It was also reported that the U.S. spends more on prescription drugs to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder than it does for all but six other medical conditions (U.S. News Health, 2013). The number of ADHD diagnosed teens prescribed stimulants, such as Ritalin and Adderall, will be increasing over time as the new guidelines set by the American Academy of Pediatrics now recognizes physicians prescribing ADHD stimulant medications to childre...
In 1939, Dr. C. Bradley first prescribed Methylphenidate, or Ritalin, as a stimulant to treat children with ADHD (Mann). ADHD is a brain disorder characterized by a short attention span, jumpiness, and impulsive behavior. To be diagnosed, the victim of the disease usually has gone to see an average of eleven doctors (Rowland).
Moore, Elaine A. The Amphetamine Debate: the Use of Adderall, Ritalin, and Related Drugs for
For years, the topic of Ritalin, the use of the drug and its short and long term effects has been a controversial one. People who have Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have abnormally low amounts of the neurotransmitting chemical Dopamine in their brains. This chemical plays an important role in the brain as it helps with signal transmission between the neurons. ADHD sufferers have difficulty concentrating and learning, they find it difficult to sit still and are often overly energetic. They get distracted very easily and struggle to focus and complete a task at hand. Ritalin helps reduce these symptoms as it stimulates the production of more dopamine in the brain. This gives for better signal transmission which in turn benefits the ADHD user.
Another gap in the previous research lies in the fact that no research has been done to examine how implicit egotism interacts with personality traits. This study proposes that the effects of implicit egotism may change depending on the personality traits of the person being observed.
Psychological egoism describes human nature as self-centered and self-motivated. Psychological egoism strongly suggests that people are always acting for their own benefit and have to act for their own benefit, though they may hide their motives by
In our place here in Tonsuya, only few can afford to study in the private school. I came from a private school that’s why some of the kid’s here who were at my age or a few years younger than me are feeling awkward when I approached them, they were like “ bakit ako nilalapitan nito?” or “ nako taga private school yan” and I feel sad about it because I want to make friends with them but they don’t want because maybe they feel small whenever I approach them, that’s why when I was a kid I used to play alone by myself. Most of my cousins also study at the public school that’s why whenever there are reunions we make them feel comfortable and not degraded, our parents thought us that we must not discriminate others despite of what they are in the society; all of us are created equally by God.
Dunning, D., Hayes, A. (1996) Evidence for egocentric comparison in social judgment Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, pp. 213–229
The results of the TAS will be analyzed using an experimental and non experimental sample to establish teachers’ attitudes about wireless technology in the instructional practice. The survey provides and shows the reliability of .92 and showed a proven validity tested through statistical analysis. Swan and Dixon (2006) used the TAS to examine any correlation between teachers’ attitudes towards technology and the use of such technology in their study. In this study, a convenience sample instead of a random sample of teachers in a rural southeast Georgia school district will be used because teachers are both accessible and willing to participate.