Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
the ethical questions of stem cell research reflection paper
stem cell history essay
stem cell history essay
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
The Controversy Over Stem Cell Research
In a lab at the University of California, a scientist carefully isolates several cells and locates them to a petry dish. A few days later, he returns to find the cells pulsating like a human heart (Gorman 58). This account has actually been occurring at several scientific labs across the nation. These cells, known as stem cells, produce nearly all the other cells and tissues found in the human body (Sobel Sep 4, 22). Intensive research has found that when these stem cells are grafted with human tissue, new tissue is formed and the diseases found in that tissue are cured. These diseases can include Parkinson's, diabetes, and multiple sclerosis (Gorman 58).
Embryonic stem cells hold the greatest potential for medicinal research and breakthroughs. They can develop into 210 different tissues found throughout the body. The process is actually not that complicated. However, the only problem is controlling the type of cells that the stem cells evolve into. When the stem cells are harvested, the embryo is seven days old. The stem cells are extracted from a blastocyst, which is four normal cells contained in a sphere. After being harvested, the stem cells are grown in cultures where they become more specialized tissues such as nerve cells and liver cells (Gorman 58).
Why is this topic so controversial? Stem cell research is disputed because the cells are taken from human embryos. When the cells are extracted from an embryo, the embryo dies. This is why antiabortionist activists, some Congressmen, and the Vatican condemn stem cell research. To these people and several others, conducting stem cell research is equivalent to committing murder, since they consider the embryos to be alive (Sobe...
... middle of paper ...
...ng for research on sixty embryos (cnn.com). It seems that a course of action has already been decided with this decision, but people will still be able to contest further federal funding on embryos. This is why Gary Varvel has drawn this cartoon. It expresses that fact that embryonic stem cell research is only to lead humanity to uncivilized ways.
There is an alternative to embryonic stem cell research. Adults also have stem cells, so research can be conducted on these. Research on adult stem cells does not result in the death of anything. The excuse that the scientists use is that adult stem cells do not hold the same potential as embryonic stem cells, but research has not been conducted on the adult cells. The scientists should experiment with adult stem cells to determine if there is a difference in the outcome between embyonic stem cells and adult stem cells.
Breast cancer is only one of 200 different types of cancer. It is considered a woman’s disease but both men and women have the disease. Every year, more than 200,000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer. Twelve percent of all women will get the disease and 3.5% of them will die. Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women who are 40 to 55 years old.
Over the past decade breast cancer has become one of the most predominant diseases in the United States. Breast cancer starts out as a malignant tumor in the tissues of the breast which is formed from the uncontrolled growth of abnormal breast cells. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, but it can also appear in men. (Stephan, 2010)
"Types of Breast Cancer." National Breast Cancer Foundation® Official Site - Information, Awareness & Donations. 1991. Web. 06 May 2010. .
O'Neill, P. (Ed.). (2006, September 1). Breast Cancer: Overview of Risks. Retrieved July 21, 2009, from WebMD: Better Information. Better Health.: http://www.webmd.com/breast-cancer/guide/overview-risks-breast-cancer?page=
Watts, T. (2013). Primary Breast Cancer: What do practice nurses need to know?. Practice Nurse, 43(2), 36-42. https://login.dax.lib.unf.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost. com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=85803505&site=eds-live.
In today’s society, many experts do agreed that a successful organization was developed by a strong organizational culture. However, different people might have different opinion on organizational culture, generally many experts do argue about organizations are part of the culture while some others think that it’s nothing to do with culture. According to Bruce (2015) stated that an organizational culture represents the values, ideas, beliefs and attitudes in order to guide the employees as a way to think, act, perceiving and feel. Thus, an employee often identified with an organization was affected by organizational culture. Bruce (2015) explained that culture can be the “glue” which hold the organization together while “compass” which actually
Clark, Amy S., et al. “Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Breast Cancer.” Journal of Nuclear
The concept of organizational cultures was first raised in 1970s, and soon became a fashionable topic. Organizational culture is the shared beliefs, values and behaviours of the group. Theorists of organizations believe that organizational culture represents the pattern of behaviours, values, and beliefs of an organization. Hence, studies around organizational culture have been seen as great helpful and essential for understanding organizations and their behaviours. Additionally, organizational culture has been considered to be an important determinant of organizational success. Therefore, leaders and managers pay more than more attentions on this topic, focusing on constructing and managing organizational cultures.
Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) was established in 1996 as an accrediting agency of the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) ...
19. Sun, S. 2008. Organizational culture and its themes. International Journal of Business and Management, 3 (12), p. 137.
From the very beginning of the play, Hamlet is seen as being a person who is very conscious of mortality. The first time that we see him, he is mourning the recent death of his father and dressed in, as he refers to it, an “inky cloak” (1.2.77). Claudius and Gertrude are both trying to talk some sense into him by telling him that people lose fathers all the time and that he is no different from anyone else in the world. Gertrude asks him why he “seems” so sad, and he quickly replies that he doesn’t just “seem” sad, but that he really is sad and grieving for his lost father. Claudius tells him that “obstinate condolement is a course of impious stubbornness. ‘Tis unmanly grief.” (1.2.93-94) The irony here is that Claudius is telling Hamlet that his excessive mourning is a “fault to heaven, A fault against the dead, a fault to nature” (1.2.101-102) when he himself is the murderer, this being the much greater fault.
One out of every eight women in the US is diagnosed with breast cancer every year. As the number of breast cancer patients increases year after year, identification methods and treatments are beginning to advance. When women get older, their chances of developing breast cancer increases. In fact, 80% of all breast cancer patients are women ages 50 and up. The tumor is discovered through either mammography or self-breast examinations. Through these methods, doctors are able to discover the tumor and decide on what treatment is right for each patient. When it comes to treating breast cancer there are multiple treatment options; the type and severity of the cancer help the doctor decide the optimal treatment plan for each
There has been considerable research in the literature to discover the effect of organizational culture on employee productivity and performance. For example, researchers claim that OC could be used for measuring economic performance of an organization. However, organizational advantages could be different since cultural traits differ from organization to organization and certain cultural traits could be source and reason of competitive advantages through causal confusion. The world is changing fast and the level of employee anticipation and satisfaction also change relatively. OC adjusts overtime to match with such efficient changes and meet the varying demand of employee anticipations and satisfactions.
The concept of organizational culture is one of the most debated topics for researchers and theorists. There is no one accepted definition of culture. People even said that it is hard to define culture and even more change it. It is considered a complex part of an organization although many have believed that culture influences employee behavior and organizational effectiveness (Kilmann, Saxton, & Serpa 1985; Marcoulides & Heck, 1993; Schein, 1985a, 1990).
In the beginning of Act One, Hamlet wishes he too could die because he is too distraught to live in the wake of his father’s death. Essentially his somber attitude and mentality toward life creates the overarching theme of death and tragedy which permeates through the entirety of the play. He states, “Oh, that this too, too sullied flesh would melt, thaw, and resolve itself into a dew, or that the Everlasting had not fixed his canon ‘gainst self-slaughter! O God, God! How weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable, seem to me all the uses of this world (I. ii). The questions which Hamlet contemplates emphasizes his internal conflicts toward death and eventually motivate him to continue the struggles which life entails and kill Claudius. Between the thought of suffering and fighting through the trials and tribulations of life or ending himself as an act of mercy, Hamlet chooses to inflict death upon others as the only solution. “To be or not to be? That is the question- Whether’ tis nobler in the mind to suffer the sling and arrows of outrageous fortune, or to take arms against a sea or troubles, and, by opposing, end them? To die, to sleep- no more- and by sleep to say we end the heartache and the thousand natural shocks. That flesh is heir to- ‘tis a consummation devoutly to