For years, females have been marginalized by American society. Until 1920, they could not participate fully in the so-called democratic organization of this country by way of voting, and even then, it was considered "improper" for females to be involved or interested in politics. In years past, females were discouraged from entering certain professions, as the general consensus was that jobs that required intense levels of higher training were "male-only" jobs. Similarly, the place for females was considered to be at home taking care of the children, rather than attending university or going to work. Today, however, things are different. The outlook for the future is much brighter. Females can pursue any career they choose. They are given equal opportunities as males in work and in school, aren't they? After all, as David Sadker points out in "Gender Equity: Still Knocking at the Classroom Door," Ivy League schools such as Columbia University only began to admit women around 1980, and today most college students are women (22). It would seem that there is nothing to complain about, that the battle has been fought and won, and that anyone continuing to complain should simply be brushed aside as a rampant feminist looking for some aspect of society to criticize. We've come so far as a society from those days of blatant gender discrimination, haven't we? Isn't gender inequity a thing of the past?
Well, not quite. Yes, females are given many more opportunities today than they were in past years. However, gender discrimination, in its most subtle forms, continues to this very day. Inside the classroom, particularly in grade schools, a few teachers continue their biased ways, detracting from a learning environment that encourages a...
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Dever, Bridget. Personal Interview. 19 Nov. 2001.
Focus Group Interview. 27 Nov. 2001
Moses, Annie. Personal Interview. 20 Nov. 2001.
National Center for Education Statistics Web page. U.S. Department of Education. 29 Nov. 2001. http://nces.ed.gov.
Observation at St. Joseph's High School. 26 Nov. 2001, 28 Nov. 2001.
Pipher, Mary. Reviving Ophelia: Saving the Selves of Adolescent Girls. New York: Ballantine Books, 1994.
Ravitch, Diane. "The Gender Bias Myth." Forbes 157.10 (1996): 168.
Sadker, Myra and David. Failing at Fairness: How Our Schools Cheat Girls. New York: Touchstone, 1994.
Sadker, David. "Gender Equity: Still Knocking at the Classroom Door." Educational Leadership 56.7 (1999): 22-6.
Schmurak, Carole B. Voices of Hope: Adolescent Girls at Single Sex and Coeducational Schools. New York: Peter Lang, 1998.
Ann Hulbert’s article, “Boy Problems,” discusses the variety of differences concerning the gender educational disparity. This essay exemplifies how learning can be divisive between genders, percentage of college graduates, and some possible explanations for women’s increasing success in the educational field.
To begin with, the second wave of feminism helped being equality to women in the areas of education, work and pay. Women’s education level has increased dramatically over the last few decades. Just over fifty years from today, there was a smaller percentage of women compared to men who were educated. In the twenty-first century, education indicators show that there is a greater rate of educated women than men. Before the second wave, girls were often bullied and treated unequally for attending school. Girls were expected to follow their mother’s footsteps and practice cooking, cleaning, gardening and other chores performed by the mother. The Title IX of the Education Amendment Act of 1972 was created to “forbid gender discrimination in schools and universities, and also addressed equity in sports.” Equality to girls was not given in school bu...
Let’s travel back in time to about the 1700s and the 1800s, back when women had absolutely no rights as an individual and men were considered superior to women. A time where women couldn’t be anything but a housewife and do anything beside house chores, reproduce, and take care of the kids. Meanwhile, men would go out to the world and work. However, throughout the centuries, women fought for their equal rights until they finally succeeded. Back to the present day, women today outnumber men in graduating college, and in professional programs. Gender roles today took a complete twist compared to how it was back then.
While reading this book, the reader can come to the conclusion that Dr. Mary Pipher was successful with her argument. Her use of rhetoric, diction and style strengthen her claims in her story. The reader should take away from this book that teenage girls go through a lot during puberty and it is up to society and parents to create a more accepting and understanding world for
The once male dominated, corporate, "white collar" America has seen a phenomenal influx of women within the last thirty years. Although a female lawyer, physician, or CEO is no longer considered a rarity in our times, women still face quite a deal of oppression in comparison to their male counterparts. In retrospect, some professions have always been controlled by women, and men have not made a noticeable advance in these fields. In 1970, finding a female lawyer to represent you would be a difficult task, since less than five percent of the profession were women. Today, that number has risen to almost thirty percent. The percentage of female doctors has almost tripled in the course of thirty years. African Americans have not made such a conspicuous progression within the last fifty years, while women have made a tremendous impact on the corporate world. One may wonder, how did women make these extraordinary advances? For the most part, it is due to the education they receive. At the present time young girls are encouraged to enroll in classes dealing with math and science, rather than home economics and typing. As pointed out by Nanette Asimov, in her essay "Fewer Teen Girls Enrolling in Technology Classes", school officials are advocating the necessity of advanced placement, and honor classes for teenage girls, in both the arts and sciences. This support and reassurance than carries over onto college, and finds a permanent fixture in a woman’s life. While women are continuing their success in once exclusively male oriented professions, they are still lacking the respect and equality from their peers, coworkers, and society. The average male lawyer, and doctor make twenty-five percent more money than their female equivalent. Women have always lived with the reputation of being intellectually inferior to, and physically submissive to men. This medieval, ignorant notion is far fetched from the truth. In 1999, high school men and women posted similar SAT scores, being separated by a only a few points. In addition to posting similar scores on the SAT, the average males score was a mere two-tenths of a point higher than an average females score on the ACT. Even though a woman maybe as qualified as a male for a certain occupation , women receive unwanted harassment, and are under strict scrutiny. A good illustration of this would be the women represented in "Two Women Cadets Leave the Citadel.
"eight thousand years" figure is no coincidence; humans started building clay huts eight thousand years ago. Snyder then equates the "four thousand years of using writing" with the lifespan of a bristlecone pine as a demonstration of how young we are to this planet. He ...
"Project Monarch: Nazi Mind Control - The Evolution of Project MKULTRA." Inicio. Web. 18 Mar. 2010. .
However, that does not mean that inequalities no longer exist between the two genders, the pay gap between men and women is one of the larger gender inequalities seen today. According to an article “ Explaining the Pay Disparity Between Women and Men in Similar Jobs” the authors state that, “ equal pay ranked higher than health care, family and medical leave, pensions and social security for most important legislative issues” (Hessaramiri,Kleiner 3). People want something done about this injustice and are looking towards the government to intervene. The Equal Pay Act is one of these interventions put in place to make employees under the same profession paychecks’ equal no matter the gender. After forty years though, the Equal Pay Act has done little to stop the pay gap from continuing. Hessaramiri and Kleiner inform us that, “ According to the Monthly Labor Review, the weekly earnings of women were lower than that of men for full time employees across all broad occupational categories” (4). Most of the time these employees suffering from the pay gap do not even realize that they are being
While the 1960s were a time of advancement for minorities, it was also a time of advancement for women. In 1963, Congress passed the Equal Pay Act, which outlawed discrimination in the workplace based on a person’s sex (Foner 944). To ensure that women would have the same opportunities as men in jobs, education, and political participation, the National Organization for women was formed in 1966 (Foner 944). The sixties also marked the beginning of a public campaign to repeal state laws that banned abortion or left the decision to terminate a pregnancy to physicians instead of the woman (Foner 945).
Thomas Morton was not a supporter to the Puritan cause. In fact, he was friends with many "highly placed persons" in King Charles' court that "were all unsympathetic to the Puritans" (138). In his writing he is relentless in prodding and making light of the Puritans. It is clear that he had a strong distaste for them. It is also clear that he was very well versed in the classics. He makes numerous allusions to Greek mythology that offer glimpses into his educational background. He wasn’t above cheating to get ahead. Before he came to America a business partner of his was murdered and Morton was a suspect but never arrested (138). Upon arriving in America he soon raised the ire of...
...men are increasingly holding high-status positions, but follow a more family centered route. Women are not paid as much as men in sports nor in other jobs. Male employers look at women sexually and are less likely to hire women because of discriminatory practices. In order for an end to the discrimination against women, there has to be a cultural change and new policy has to be implemented (Bobbitt-Zeher 2011). More integration in male dominated fields is also necessary to relive the gender differences. Changing the aggressiveness or the masculinity-centered advertisement in sports may allow more women to participate. Something similar can be done for the workplace like, looking at women as workers and not sexual objects or inferior to men because of certain traits they possess. Women should not have to go through this kind of discrimination at this time and age.
A stride in the right direction came to be when the Civil Rights Act was put into order. The Civil Rights Act made discrimination of different kinds illegal (for example sexual discrimination was outlawed). The passing of the act, set forward different social trends. Being that women were expected to be either homemakers or be in fields considered womanly, with the new changes came strides to go into different fields. Major occupational changes occurred across various fields. In the airline industry, women had strict rules that they needed to abide by to be able to work. Rules such as they needed to be married or they had to avoid becoming pregnant etc. After the Civil Rights Act was passed, those “rules” dissipated. Reducing gender inequalities can grant both sexes with new opportunities. Also it can chip away from instilled preconceived notions, sexes have for one
Women have faced gender wage discrimination for decades. The gender pay gap is the difference between what a male and a female earns. It happens when a man and a woman standing next to each other doing the same job for the same number of hours get paid different salaries. On average, full-time working- women earn just “77 cents for every dollar a man earn.” When you compare a woman and a man doing the same job, “the pay gap narrows to 81 percent (81%)” (Rosin). Fifty-one years ago, in order to stop the gender gap discrimination, Congress enacted the Equal Pay Act of 1963. The act states that all women should receive “equal pay for equal work”. Unfortunately, even in 2014 the gender pay gap persists and even at the highest echelons of the corporate; therefore, the equal pay act is a failure.
In 1963, President Kennedy signed the Equal Pay Act into law, making it unlawful to discriminate against a worker on the basis of sex. Since that time, the wage gap between men and women in the United States has narrowed by just 15 cents, now being 74 cents, as reported by the U.S. Census Bureau.
Today there is still some discrimination on women. Even though laws have been passed since 1960 to make sure all women are paid just as equal as men. Women have just as many rights as men do now. All women who have children who are in school, attend a school with all races now; the schools were desegregated. Today more women receive benefits during their professional careers. As more progress has been made in the discrimination for women, most women are still classified to work in their stereotypical female jobs. Even though most people think that women cannot be in charge of management or high level positions, there are women who are CEO 's in the Fortune 500. Women often work harder in present day to prove others wrong. According to the Center for American Progress, women receive 60 percent of all undergraduate and all master