The Successes and Failures of Mussolini's Domestic Policies in Italy Between 1922 and 1939
Similar to those of Hitler, Mussolini’s main goals were to create an
Italian state with a strong identity and role within Europe with a
powerful military force. From the day he became Prime Minister on
October 29th, 1922 of a coalition government, he lacked a certain
skill in organization. It was not quite clear what exactly Mussolini
wanted to do, and it seemed as though he made decissions with no
previous planning, as opposed to Hitler and the Nazis who knew exactly
what they were striving for. Nevertheless, Mussolini knew that he
wanted to have full control over the Italian state and successfully
did as he introduced the ‘Legge Fascistissime’ – allowing Mussolini to
become a controlling dictator. He soon realized he wanted to carve
Italy into an Empire similar to that of the Ancient Romans. New
policies needed to be put in place to transform the Italian society
into a war machine while mainting a prospering economy to ultimately
fulfill the goals of the ‘Duce’.
Amongst Mussolini’s successful policies was the ‘Battle for Grain’.
With this project, Mussolini hoped to boost his prestige while
simultaneously helping Italy to become a self-sufficient state in
times of war. Before this project was applied, Italy had had to import
large ammounts of grain to sufficiently feed the population. In a time
of war, this could lead to starvation if import supplies were ever
stopped from abroad. Mussolini’s campaign was supported by government
grants for farmers to buy proper equipment. Other incentives included
free advice on farming techniques, and hi...
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...reate an Italian state
which resembles the Ancient Roman Empires power and role in Europe,
and one that is self-sufficient in a time of war, I think it is safe
to say the the Duce greatly failed to achieve this. At the time the
war broke out, Italy was not near the state of being self-sufficient.
As Mussolini had hoped, Italy did not have a powerful military to
boast about. All in all, Mussolini encountered some successes while
overcoming his obstacles of his primary aims. I think it is fair to
say that Mussolini failed as a leader to accomplish his ideal state.
Bibliography
Robson, Mark. Italy: Liberalism and Fascism 1870-1945. London: Hodder
& Stoughton, 1992
Blinkhorn, Martin. Mussolini and Fascist Italy. England: Routledge,
1884
Mann, Richard. . 2001
These were pivotal times in the annals of world history in the 20th century. Mussolini and Hitler’s rise to power was clearly a threat to the freedoms of the United States and its Allies. Through God’s grace and omnipotence, the US alliance, industrialization and intellectual might, we had the resources required to overcome the fierce and mighty threat of Fascism in the Free World.
with Hitler, which allowed him to increase his Navy by thirty – five percent than
1934. By the end of 1935, GNP in real terms had reached the level of
Italian Fascism became an extremely important phenomenon under the reign of Benito Mussolini during the Second World War. With a run of 22 years, Fascism and its creator became the focal point of Europe during this time. Many Italian citizens, as well as critics believed that Fascism could be a third option, or the in between of Capitalism and Communism, two ideals that Mussolini refused to accept. With the Allies landing on the shores of Italy in their advance to Fascist capital, Mussolini fought for his ideals while the Allies aimed to liberate the country and the citizens who did not follow Mussolini’s government. Why did Italy change from a fascist government to a new government in the siege of Italy during WWII between 1943-45? Italy fought to create a new government in place of the fascist government headed by Benito Mussolini because of the multiple failed promises including a new Roman Empire as a means to overpower King Victor Emmanuel, and to improve on the poverty. The bombing of Rome, the fascist capital of Italy, was targeted by Allied troops entering Italy in order to capture Mussolini, and the armistice that the Italian citizens believed would eradicate Benito Mussolini and Fascism with the help of the Allied powers.
Many would say that Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini were both awful men and even worse leaders in their countries. But, if you really sat down to think about how they ran their form of government, they were actually two of the most vainglorious leaders in the world at that time. Hitler was able to go from being a soldier in World War I to being the supreme leader of Germany. Benito was able to go from being a brief schoolteacher, to being a 10-year journalist.
the Treaty of London, the deal made with B and F was not given to
The Extent to Which the Lack of Popular Support was the Main Reason for the Weakness of Italian Nationalism in the Period 1815-1848
The Fascists’ social and economic policies up to 1939 significantly aided their control over Italy yet may not be cited as the sole cause. The Fascist party’s social and economic policies along with other factors attributed to the overall control of Italy. Through such policies it was a certainty that the Fascist party would hold complete power over the population of Italy in each aspect of an individual’s life whether it was their leisure time through the Dopolavoro or at work under the corporate state system which was formally introduced in 1934. This complete domination of the Italian peoples’ lives could be argued to have been the instrumental factor behind the Fascists’ control over Italy up to 1939. Other factors which assisted the Fascists’ control of Italy include censorship of anti-Fascist ideologies and criticisms of the party, the secret police OVRA, political reforms and Mussolini’s personality. The censorship and intimidation of those opposed to the Fascist regime meant that the majority were too scared to speak out against the government and the press were heavily censored also, ensuring that only a positive image of the Fascists was conveyed. OVRA, the secret police, terrified the population of Italy and this enforced the idea that criticism would not be tolerated and severe punishments would be administered if opposition was discovered. The reform of the electoral system in July 1923 meant that to gain 2/3 of the seats in the Chamber of Deputies, a party only had to receive 25% of the votes. This system almost guaranteed the Fascist party the majority of the seats and therefore ultimate control over Italy. Mussolini’s personality could be argued to be an important reason behind the Fascists’ control over Italy; he ...
The fascism that ultimately resulted in the globally destructive reaction of World War Two was a product of the self-inhibition of the masses that still holds power today in the form of a Freudian 'pleasure versus pain' culture. To break free from the self-inhibition and fascism that still determines much of modern society today is to open one's mind to the necessity of self-determined empowerment contrary to self-inhibition.
The positive effects of Benito Mussolini’s reign in Italy benefitted the country greatly. By putting Cesare Mori in charge of eliminating the mafia, he caused 11,000 of Italy’s criminals to be arrested, which caused the country’s crime rates to plummet. The nearly absolute end of the mafia brought peace and order to Italy, which the country’s citizens desperately needed. He also defended his country’s interests by going against the allies for not giving Italy the land that was promised to them if they joined them in the first world war. Mussolini also upgraded infrastructure in Italy and improved the Italian economy.
After World War I, there were two men that rose up to control their government in their countries. One was Adolf Hitler who was put in charge of the German government, and the other was Benito Mussolini who was put in charge of the Italian government. Adolf Hitler was born in 1889, and according to the lecture was known as a failure for not finishing high school, or becoming an accomplished artist. While Mussolini was born in 1883, and was unknown until he came home a wounded soldier from the war. Mussolini would rise up and form the Fascist government focusing on being loyal to the state, and Hitler will rise up and control the Socialist German Workers Party, the Nazis. Both men are known for the change in history, and their change on the
Exploring the Similarities and Differences Between the Foreign Policies of Mussolini and Hitler Similarities - Both foreign policies geared to achieving great power status o Hitler: lebensraum, wanted to have living space for the expansion of the German race and control over other groups o Mussolini: wanted control over Mara nostrum, Abyssinia, …an empire - fascist states o had anti communist feelings; o both signed anti comintern pact 1937 against USSR o Spanish civil war against communism helping Franco secure power o Signed pact of steel in may 1939, a full military alliance - unhappy with status quo, wanted international prestige o national grievances on Versailles, people wanted to change Versailles o Hitler, product of WW1 who was angry at Versailles and wanted to see Germany achieve great power status o Mussolini; felt that Italy had been treated unfairly at Versailles and also waned to change the status quo o Because of this both built up armies, navies and air forces.. Italian air force to block out the sun + German luftwaffe… - both Hitler and Mussolini, used diplomacy and force as well as aggression to get what they wanted o Mussolini over Greece where it undermined the LofN, used force to take Abyssinia 1935 o Hitler used the threat of force to take Austria and diplomacy as well as force to take Czech and Saarland in 193… - by 1939 both had a common enemy; Britain and France - both were aggressive nationalists and glorified warw - both wanted empires; abysinnia and lebenstraum to distract from problems at home.. Differences - Hitler was more clear in his aims and ideals whereas Mussolini was more vague and opportunistic o Although Hitler did take advantage of opportunities such as Abyssinia crises to remilitarise Rhineland he was more structured in his aims for Lebensraum, unification of all Germans, building up the army and recovering lost territories § Illustrated by Hitler’s success after success ; Rhineland in 36,
Mussolini’s Consolidation of Power Between 1922 and 25. “ It seems that Mussolini from the outset was determined to retain power in his hand; but he was uncertain of the method to be employed. towards the other political parties and their leaders, towards the press, and towards parliament” (F.L. Carsten, an academic historian and specialist on European history. Fascism, The Rise of Fascism (1967). In 1922 Mussolini had just been appointed Prime Minister after the fascist march on Rome.
There is no doubt that Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini shared many similar characteristics. They shared movements that were typical of National Socialism: they adopted a radical nationalism, militaristic hierarchies, violence, the cult of charismatic leadership, contempt for individual liberties and civil rights, an anti-democratic and anti-socialist orientation, and a refusal to socialize industries.
The first of which is the drive for a single race Germany. Most of the