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This paper is an attempt to examine domestic violence in lesbian relationships, and the modern response to it, in a social and historical context. I chose to examine domestic violence within lesbian relationships in an attempt to look at violence in relationships outside the context of male and female. I did this because the popular beliefs that men are abusers and women are abused made it difficult to discuss or consider what was actually occurring in these troubled relationships, and what each partner contributed to the dynamic. (Now, in 2011, those attitudes and beliefs have become imbedded into law and practice, particularly since the O.J. Simpson trial, and it is even more difficult to attempt a discussion on these issues. In an increasing number of occasions, the laws passed to control domestic violence have become a form of violence in themselves. However, the idea that at least occasionally these laws, and their enforcement, may be a source of social problems, rather than the solution, is ignored or shouted down. I can only hope that in the next few years, as more and more middle- class families experience what happens when, in their opinion, an ordinary intense disagreement between two people in a relationship turns into an emotional and financial disaster because of intervention by the legal system, these laws will be amended to reflect real social needs.) THE SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE OF VIOLENCE AS A MEANS OF CONTROL OR AS A SIMPLE, EVEN PREFERRED, SOLUTION TO PROBLEMS In 1985 one fifth of the worlds population was living under military controlled governments (Harper's Index Book), and it may around half now since China so brutally squashed its citizens' move toward democracy (Harper's Index Book). The reunificat... ... middle of paper ... ...fferent", Ann Barr Snitow, Powers of Desire, the politics of sexuality, Monthly Review Press 1983, pgs 245-263 Naming the Violence: speaking out about lesbian battering, Seal Press, Seattle 1986 "The New Romanticism: Illusions and Realities", Morton Hunt, The Natural History of Love, Minerva Press 1959, pgs 363-371 & 396 "Romantic love makes a good marriage, Myth #2", Arnold Lazarus PhD, Marital Myths, Impact Publishers 1985, pgs 12-17 Swept Away: why women fear their own sexuality, Carol Cassell, PhD., Simon and Schuster 1984, pg 26 "Unfreezing Gender Roles", Andrew Meacham, Changes, for and about adult children, Mar/Ap 1990, pgs 23 & 56 "Us and Them", Maggie Scarf, The Family Networker, Sept/Oct 1989, pgs 62-67 "Whats Wrong With Relationships Today?", Andrew Meacham, Changes, for and about adult children, Mar/Ap 1990, pgs 22-23, 52-54
Kelly, Liz (1987) “The Continuum of Sexual Violence.” In: Women, Violence and Social Control, edited by J. Hanmer and M. Maynard. Atlantic Highlands: Humanities Press International: 46-60.
DeVault, C., Cohen, T., & Strong, B. (2011). The marriage and family experience: Intimate relationships in a changing society. (11th ed., pgs. 400-426). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth cengage learning.
In this paper I will be telling you many different forms of domestic violence. I will include the physical abuse, sexual abuse, verbal abuse, spiritual abuse, economic abuse, social abuse, and emotional abuse. I will also describe the "cycle of violence", teen dating violence, and why women stay with an abusive partner.
In Kennedy and Davis’ article the debate over who is constituted as the “true” lesbian reflects the tension between heterosexuality and butch-fem identities when taken into account ethnic background and assigned gender roles in the relationship. While lesbianism is supposed to pose as a challenge to heterosexuality as the norm, as Kennedy and Davis’ article shows, within the lesbian community practices like the specification of butch-fem roles becomes a tool of oppression similar to conformity to heterosexual traditional gender roles. To illustrate the point that sexuality is based on the “cultural interpretation of sexual experiences” and “articulation” of power relations in society (Halperin 424), this paper focus on Kennedy and Davis’ debate over who is the real lesbian, and it draws on examples from the film Forbidden Love and Lee’s article “Why Suzie Wong is not a Lesbian”. I argue that sexual deviance or otherwise is always defined by a power elite in the interest of protecting and legitimating the current sexual norms. While lesbian culture is meant to be a challenge to these heterosexual norms, and yet its definition of butch-fem roles performs its own marginalization that ultimately reinforces traditional male-female roles. Interestingly, it also uses this power structure to establish the racial exclusions of non-white women that can be traced through the history of European colonization.
Escoffier, Jeffrey. "The Second Sexual Revolution." Sexual Revolution. New York: Thunder Mouth, 2003. N. pag. Print.
...of sexuality in the public arena. As they left the hallowed domestic sphere, women increasingly perceived sexuality as a political, and not simply a private, issue. (4)
Cohen, Nancy. “How the Sexual Revolution Changed America Forever.” Counterpoint Press. 5 February, 2012. Web. 25 May. 2014
Rubin, Gail. "Thinking Sex: Notes for a Radical Theory of the Politics of Sexuality." American Feminist Thought at Century's End : A Reader. Ed. Linda S. Kauffman Cambridge, Ma : Blackwell, 1993. 3-64.
In the 19th century, the society considered love essential for marriage and developed a certain code of ethics that would provide a descent way to build a strong union between a man and a woman based on companionship. The fiction of that time focused on love themes proclaiming respect, cooperation, and romance as the fundamental elements of a good marriage. It became a popular tendency...
Hatten, Charles. "The Crisis of Masculinity, Reified Desire, and Catherine Barkley in "A Farewell to Arms"" Journal of the History of Sexuality 4.1 (1993): 76-98. JSTOR. Web. 22 Feb. 2014. .
Halperin, David. "Is There a History of Sexuality?." The Lesbian and Gay Studies Reader. Ed. Henry
Masci, David. "Future of Marriage." CQ Researcher 7 May 2004: 397-420. CQ Researcher. Web. 16 Nov. 2013.
Historically, domestic violence was viewed as only involving physical abuse. However, the more contemporary view of domestic violence has come to include not only physical types of abuse; but as well as emotional, sexual, physiological, and economic violence that may be committed
Jouanno, Chantal. "Ending the Hypersexualization of Girls." Christian Science Monitor. 19 Sep. 2013: n.p. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 10 Feb. 2014.
“Domestic violence is a violent confrontation between family or household members involving physical harm, sexual assault, or fear of physical harm” (Stewart & Croudep, 1998-2012). In most places domestic violence is looked on as one of the higher priorities when trying to stop crime. Domestic Violence cases are thought to be influenced by the use of alcohol, drugs, stress or anger but in reality, they are just learned behaviors by the batterer. These habits can be stopped as long as one seeks help (Stewart & Croudep, 1998-2012). For instance, a child is brought up in a household that is constantly involved in criminal acts. As this child grows up, the criminal lifestyle will be synonymous with his/her behavior. With that being said, it is also a given fact that if a household and its members are surrounded with violence, the relationships between one another will be strained. Eventually this will end up in a divorce or even worse, death, depending on how far the violence goes. If there is violence in a family, then the ones who are affected by it may feel like they deserve it because of what the batterer is accusing them of doing. Battering occurs among people of all races, ages, socio-economic classes, religious affiliations, occupations, and educational backgrounds (Stewart & Croudep, 1998-2012). Domestic violence can affect families in more aspects than one; the husband-wife relationship, the children, and also the financial stability.