Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) or Acquired Immune Disease Syndrome (AIDS) and Tuberculosis (TB) are two of public health threats that havehave effected on multidisciplinary fields in Vietnam since 1990s. This review will describe the overview of these disease burdens and point outout the applied approaches in Vietnam over 20 years.
HIV/AIDS prevention and control
Since the first case of HIV/AIDS was detected in Vietnam in 1990, HIV has been rapidly spreading across the country. By 2012, HIV cases has been reported in all 63 provinces/cities. In 1990, the National AIDS Committee was established; under the direction of the Party Executive Committee, a Short-Term Plan (1989-90) and Medium-Term Plan (1991-93) on HIV/AIDS were first adopted, and then developed into the National Strategic Plan for Prevention and Control of HIV/AIDS (1994-2000) in 1993. In 2005, the Prime Minister approvedd to establish the Viet Nam Administration of HIV/AIDS Control (VAAC). Implementing Directive 54-CT/TW dated on 31/11/2005 on the new National Strategy on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control until 2010 with a vision to 2020, all provinces and cities have set up Steering Committees to governance local HIV/AIDS prevention and control actions (Viet Nam, A. I. D. S. (2012). Therefore, HIV/AIDS prevention and control activities have been incorporated into highlighted target tasks in all levels. Also, being aware of the importance of HIV/AIDS epidemic, the National Assembly and the People’s Committee have been proactive in allocating budgets to ensure stable funding, human resources and materials resources to create sustainable development of HIV/AIDS programs. In addition, both international bilateral and multilateral agencies have offered a large amoun...
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...ired Immune Disease Syndrome
ARV Antiretrovial
BCC Behaviour Change Communication
CDC Centers for Disease Control, USA
DOTS Directly Observed Treatment Short-course
FSW Female sex workers
GLC Green Light Committee
HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
IEC Education and Communication
KNCV KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation
MDR-TB Multidrug-resistant TB
MICS4 Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys
NSP Needle and Syringe Program
NTP National Tuberculosis Program
PLHIV People living with HIV
PMDT Programmatic Management of Drug-resistant TB
SAVY National Survey on Adolescents and Youth in Viet Nam from 14-25 years old
TB Tuberculosis
UNAIDS Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS
VAAC Viet Nam Administration of HIV/AIDS Control
WHO World Health Organization
XDR-TB Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
Quan, V. M., Go, V. F., Nam, L. V., Bergenstrom, A., Thuoc, N. P., Zenilman, J., ...Celentano, D.D. (2009). Risks for HIV, HBV, and HCV infections among male injection drug users in northern Vietnam: a case-control study. AIDS Care, 21(1), 7-16.
Compounding these exceptionally troubling numbers is a significant population with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). Again estimates vary, but the United Nations projects the national prevalence rate to be 4.5 percent of the population. Other estimates place the rate as high as 12 percent in the urban population and 5 percent in rural regions. As a small “win”, the infection rate for HIV/AIDS has recently shifted downward due to significant UNAIDS/WHO efforts (Haiti – Health).
The author mentions a few key take away main points. First of all, solutions must address the underlying causes of HIV risk among women. This mainly includes poverty and disempowerment because women in lower living standar...
The federal initiative provides funding for prevention and support programs, research and statistical analysis of HIV/AIDS trends by region of the country (phac-aspc.gc.ca, 2012). The goals of the federal initiative are aimed at preventing the transmission and acquisition of HIV/AIDS, to slow the spread of the disease and improve the quality of life of those infected with disease (phac-aspc.gc.ca, 2012). The overall diagnosis of new HIV/AIDS has decreased in Canada between 1996 and 2012, with a high of 2729 new cases in 1996 and a low of 2062 new cases in 2012, which is an overall reduction of 667 new cases per year (phac-aspc.gc.ca, 2012).
Public health involves a number of factors; it is a science that aims to improve and educate the public in many aspects regarding health. A public health issue that can affect anyone anywhere is the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Public Health and HIV is a topic widely researched. Since there is no cure for such a disease, it is important to research and study this virus in hopes of bettering the outcomes for those inflicted with it. Ultimately, HIV can be prevented which is why it is necessary to raise awareness¬ to the public about the disease. After approximately thirty years since the first documentation of AIDS, there are still some misconceptions about HIV such as its potential dangers as well as the unequal
The control and eradication of HIV/AIDS should be of the upmost importance for the whole of the global community. Though many modern countries have effectively treated and controlled the disease in the last few decades in their own societies, it is vital for third-world countries and poorer nations to control the disease in order to advance as a population. Currently, the methods in place to control HIV/AIDS do not work in poor countries due to stigmas attached to the disease and to a general lack in understanding of it. In “The Wisdom of Whores,” Elizabeth Pasini presents a new method of studying the disease from a scientific perspective that is both viable and promising as a solution to AIDS/HIV problem. Her proposal is very strong and well documented. She uses her own experience working in UNAIDS, the CDC, and the WHO to help support her claims from a first hand account and cities a lot of her own, as well as other, scientific research to explain why the focus should be on the tracking patterns and spread of HIV/AIDS, instead of simply on the control of it. Her general argument is very persuasive and provides information from a viewpoint not normally assessed. Proponents of NGOs and religious groups who go in to help prevent the spread of the disease would be the only real dissent against her argument. They would argue against her suggestion that NGOs and religious groups have hurt HIV/AIDS prevention in the past or are currently affecting the control of the disease in a negative way.
Unfortunately, numbers of infected person multiply rapidly all over the world. According to William C. Cockerham (1998) reported in his book that the United Nation estimated, up to 40 million people, may be infected with AIDS by the year 2000. In Hong Kong, referred to fig.1.1-1.7, the situation is similar, the report of infected cases increase continuously.
As a result, the virus has greatly affected people in countries across the world, especially Africa. In Africa there are thousands of medical facilities in South Africa and they all have a high occupancy rating. In South Africa today, 80% of patients hospitalized in facilities have HIV (“Impact of HIV and AIDS...”). People working in these facilities such as doctors and nurses put themselves at risk because they are at risk for getting HIV related illnesses. In Africa there is a high demand for treatment of the disease and the hospitals have very low resources and training to treat HIV patients. When HIV first started there were very little resources to use for the patients that needed help.
Southern Africa has an extremely high prevalence of people living with HIV and this had led many international organizations to work on mitigating the epidemic. The governments of countries in Southern Africa are not able to combat the HIV epidemic alone because they do not have the resources. One reason for this is corruption within the health care system. Many times funding is used to help wealthier citizens, while the average citizen is left with minimal resources and limited access to care. Another political issues that has been detrimental to the HIV epidemic is when governmental procedure is slow and inhibits positive change being enacted through drawn out legal
From the above situations and examples, the globalized international society has helped reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS. However, it is because globalized, international organizations have been able to come forward to solve this issue. At the same time, it is important to remember that many international organizations or states act in self interest due to which many developing states like Brazil initially faced problems in solving the issue of HIV/AIDS. Therefore, health issues such as that of HIV/AIDS are not only shaped by the science of biology, but also through policies, decisions and events in this globalized international society.
The AIDS virus is spreading rapidly throughout India and Brazil. Due to the differences in culture and political policies, these two countries are attacking the AIDS epidemic problem in two totally different ways. On one hand, Brazil plans to spend hundreds of millions of dollars for teaching public AIDS awareness mainly to married women and Carnival goers. In comparison, India's government has identified specific targets of their society in order to reach the public and spread the information about AIDS awareness.
To decrease HIV transmission and to minimise the impact of the epidemic, on children, young people and families, through the growing effectiveness of national action to the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the East of Asia and the Pacific regions. They aim to provide practical support and aid at community level, encouraging the full engament of people affected by HIV/AIDS.
In United States, the HIV epidemic reached its peak in the 1980s when the number of infected reached 130,000 people per year. Infected women ...
There is more than enough data that shows the extent to which AIDS cripples millions of individuals and households around the globe. Also, there are verified methods we can take to address this pandemic. We, as citizens of the world, need to recognize the severity of this problem and take action. Those in power must better distribute resources so that more is spent on saving the families and lives of AIDS stricken patients.
The emergence of HIV/AIDS is viewed globally as one of the most serious health and developmental challenges our society faces today. Being a lentivirus, HIV slowly replicates over time, attacking and wearing down the human immune system subsequently leading to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) at which point the affected individual is exposed to life threatening illnesses and eventual death. Despite the fact that a few instances of this disease have been accounted for in all parts of the world, a high rate of the aforementioned living with HIV are situated in either low or medium wage procuring nations. The Sub-Saharan region Africa is recognized as the geographic region most afflicted by the pandemic. In previous years, people living with HIV or at risk of getting infected did not have enough access to prevention, care and treatment neither were they properly sensitized about the disease. These days, awareness and accessibility to all the mentioned (preventive methods, care etc.) has risen dramatically due to several global responses to the epidemic. An estimated half of newly infected people are among those under age 25(The Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic). It hits hard as it has no visible symptoms and can go a long time without being diagnosed until one is tested or before it is too late to manage.