Qayaqs, now known as kyaks, were used by the Yup'ik Eskimos of Southwest Alaska. The Qayaq is a symbol of the Yup'ik culture. It symbolizes the significance of subsistence and using the surrounding resources to survive. This vessel also represents the intelligence and ingenuity of the Yup'ik people developing and designing a water craft that was swift, quiet, and could withstand harsh water turbulence. They were used as a mode of transportation for subsistence hunting and gathering. They were also a symbol of importance in society. "...it was the basis among men for obtaining wealth and women" (Zimmerly, 40). Wealth was measured on the ammount of goods a man could give away, indicating he was a successful hunter. In turn, because this hunter had a qayaq, he had to be skillful in manuvering the qayaq and hunting which gave him status in the community. This would be equivalent to a man owning his own vehicle and having a good job (Zimmerly, 40). "Each qayaq was outfitted with hunting suppliments to ensure the hunter's success." (http://www.alaskanative.net/341.asp). This mode of transportation was very efficient and aventageous while traveling along coast lines and upstream against a current. This style and of sea vessel is known as the Bearing Sea Kyak. Qayaq building was a very time consuming process. There was a ceremony held in the traditional men's house while each of the wooden memebers of the qayaq was cut. Each piece of wood was measured by the size of the owner. "Thus each man's kyak is built according to the specifications of his own body and hence is peruliarly fitted to his use" (Zimmerly, 40). Qayaqs were on average fifteen feet in length. They had wide and deep hulls, the bilges were rounded and slightly fl... ... middle of paper ... ...L/n "As a rule of thumb R< ~2000 laminar flow and R> ~3000 turbulent flow" Anything in between 2000 and 3000 is unstable and may go back and forth between laminar and turbulent flow. (www.physics.usyd.edu.au/teach_res/jp/fluids/flow1.pdf) Works Cited Alaska Native Heritage Center. Floating Bodies 101. Lincoln, K J. "Qayanek: The Resurrection of a Lost Art." Delta Discovery 13 October 2004. 14+ Serway, Jewett. Physics for Scientists and Engineers 6th Edition. Pomona: California State Polytechnic University. 2004. Visual Physics. Yup'ik Qayaq. Zimmerly, David W. Qayaq: Kayaks of Alaska and Siberia. Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press, 2000.
Unlike most other Native American tribes in the southwest region of Texas, the Karankawas held one thing in their society that was different to their neighbors of the north and south -- they were non-nomadic. This nation built semi permanent homes near the coast and only moved inland during the summer, do to fact that their main food source moved out to sea -- fish. They lived in a structure known as the wickiup. It was constructed simply of drift wood or mesquite covered in mud and animal skins. It provided great protection from the surrounding environment, given this regions dry status. The home that they lived in was not meant for anything other than sleep, and very few personal belongings were actually kept by a single family. The tribes were very communal when it came to belongings. Everyone in the society had their jobs and specific roles and kept to them. When one person could not perform their duties, or became to old, they were either held as a revered seer, depending on how old and wise a person was, or they were put to death. Cruel and inhumane by today's standards, however, death held a higher meaning in this society. It wasn't a disgrace to be killed, it was actually meant to be a great honor. It was believed that if your life role was complete, then you could move on to a more divine role in the heavens. Leading them to have very secretive and sometimes almost unknown burial practices. Anthropologists know very little about this tribe do to their secrecy.
According to Kawagley, the worldview of the Yupiaq society is very basic in how they relate to ella, or the universe. The Yupiaq believe that the land is giver of life (p.7). Kawagley himself viewed nature as a part of themselves. They lived in harmony with the world around them and learned how to relate to other humans and the natural and spiritual worlds (p.8).
For the Kwakiutl People of the northern part of Vancouver Island, Canada, and the adjacent mainland, recorded history starts approximately in the year of 1792 when Capitan George Vancouver first made contact. As with many first encounters with Europeans, disease developed and drastically reduced the population of the Kwakiutl by an estimated 75% from the time of 1830 to 1880. In 1990, the Kwakiutl was around 1500 and pre-contact estimates are in the range of ten times that (Native Languages of the Americas website 1998). No other accounts had been made on the Kwakiutl for almost the next century and knowledge in that time must be gathered from the Hudson's Bay Company and the reports of the Canadian government and British Colombia even though in 1849 a trading post was established in their territory (Codere 1950). On Vancouver island, Fort Rupert was built and four Kwakiutl groups moved their winter towns there, “establishing the largest largest of the Kwakiutl settlements and becoming the center of Kwakiutl culture.” (Native Languages of the Americas website 1998) Beginning around the 1880's, Franz Boas, George Dawson and other notable early anthropologists began an effort to collect and catalog ethnographic field work on the tribe because they “feared that Indians were “vanishing” as a consequence of the colonial legacy of genocide, Christian evangelization, and legislation that sought to displace indigenous traditions and assimilate native peoples into settler society.” (Zovar 2010) Because of this “salvage anthropology,” after that period, they are well documented and many artistic examples are now in museums.
The boat-types were varied, depending on what the ship was intended for but they were generally characterized as being slender and
[ 8.2 ] Will the frequencies in the pens tend to move toward 0.5? 0.25? 0.75?
Higgins, J. (2008). Lifestyle of Fishers, 1600-1900. Retrieved June 14, 2014, from Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage: http://www.heritage.nf.ca/society/fishers_lifestyle.html
The size of longships varied, for they were measured according to the number of rowing places; for example, a thirteen venture with thirteen benches on each side, a total of twenty-six, was the smallest ship that was used for war. Longships had small raised decks at the bow and stern, and a rough deck made of loose planks that could be lifted to facilitate bailing, The main deck area could also be covered with a large awning over a collapsible light timber framework. In addition, the sail and mast could be easily raised and lowered, which was a feature that was particularly useful during ship-to-ship sea battles.
The Yaqui people believed in the four forces of nature: wind, water, lightning, and thunder. They watched and observed nature. They examined
Kirkpatrick, L. D., & Wheeler, G. F., Physics: A World View. Philadelphia: Harcourt Inc., 2001.
Native Americans and the Environment. "The Makah Indian Tribe and Whaling" 98 Online. Internet. 3 Febuary 2003. Available: www.cnie.org/NAE/docs/makahfaq.html.
Sealing in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador has been occurring for hundreds of years and has become a mainstay in the traditional way of life for coastal communities and aboriginal peoples (“Facts” 1). Many jobs and commodities such as seal meat, oil, and hides arise as direct benefits to society through the seal harvest. According to the government of Newfoundland and Labrador, seal hunting “provides direct annual employment for over 6000 people on a part time basis” and provides employment at a time of the year when opportunities may be limited (“Facts” 1). The historical integration of seals in aboriginal heritage can not be discounted when consid...
The Amerindians or the Arawaks were short, olive skinned people who bound their foreheads during infancy to slope it into a point. They considered this along with black and white body painting to be very attractive. Arawaks were very agricultural people and grew cotton, cassava, corn, peanuts, guavas, and papaws. They wove and used the cotton for armbands and hammocks. They would ground and grate cassava and make it Into a cassareep, which is a seasoning used in cooking. They also used harpoons, nets, and hooks, to fish for food.
The Cree use weapons such as bows and arrows to hunt an animal to eat. they hunted moose, duck, elk, buffalo, and rabbit. They also collect food from plants such as berries, wild rice, and turnips.
arrows, clubs, spears and knives. For clothing the women were in charge of making it and it was made from buckskin and buffalo skin, Clothing was often decorated with paint,
... middle of paper ... ... 14 Nov 2011.. http://web.ebscohost.com/lrc/detail?vid=4&hid=110&sid=fef50b1c-4aba-40fd-83b1- 583a32991f55@sessionmgr110&bdata=JnNpdGU9bHJjLWxpdmU=> Edrich, Matthias. The.