Philip Augustus, otherwise known as Philip II, was born on August 21, 1165 to Louis VII of France and Adèle of Champagne. He was born in Paris, France. His father had declining health and crowned him King in 1179. Philip Augustus?s reign would be a big time of development of the Medieval Kingdom of France.
On April 28, 1180, Philip Augustus married Isabelle of Hainut. His father died on September 18, 1180. A little time before he died, he had his first grandchild, Louis VIII, who was born to Philip Augustus and Isabelle of Hainut on September 5, 1187.
Philip Augustus merged France into one kingdom. He seized the territories of Maine, Touraine, Anjou, Brittany, and all of Nomandy from King John of England. He killed King John in the Battle of Bouvines and ended the threats to the expansion of his kingdom. He was now left as the most powerful monarch in all of Europe.
Philip Augustus went on the Third Crusade with Richard the Lionhearted and the Roman emperor, Fredrick I Barbarossa. His army left with the others? on July 1, 1190. The armies split at Lyons so Richard could go over sea and he could go over the Alps into Genoa. They reunited and camped for the winter together in Messina. On March 1, 1190, he set sail for the Holy Land and launched several assaults on Acre. Acre finally surrendered on July 12, and Philip left terribly ill. He had no interest in further crusading and returned to France on July 31, 1191.
He married again to Ingeborg of Denmark on August 15, 1193. He didn?t like her and asked for a divorce. He refused to crown her as his queen. She refused to divorce him. In the meantime, he married for a third time to Princess Agnès of Mèranie. He had two children with her, Marie and Philippe Hurepel. Pope Innocent said this marriage was void because he was still married to Ingeborg. He ordered Philip to part with Agnès, but he refused.
Augustus was born in Rome on September 23, 63 B.C. He was originally named Gaius Octavianus, but when his great-uncle, Julius Caesar, was murdered, he took his name. Augustus’ real father died when his son was only four. Augustus was adopted in Julius Caesar’s will and was left to be his heir at the age of eighteen. Caesar was very fond of his grand-nephew and he sent him to the College of Pontifices at the age of sixteen. When Caesar was assassinated, Augustus was in Illyria, where he was sent to serve. It was only when he returned to Italy that he learned he was his great-uncle’s heir.
Right after the divorce, Eleanor retained her power in Aquitaine and didn’t wait too long before marrying Henry Plantagenet. He was the Count of Anjou and also, the Duke of Normandy. He became the King of England and together they managed to solidify the relations between England, Normandy and Western France.
William, I was born in 1028 and was the illegitimate child of the Duke of Normandy, Robert I and a local tanner. He spent most of his life in battle and in hiding from the hazard of rebel attacks he used Henry I of France's help to survive and attain jurisdiction and regulation. William the Conqueror introduced new languages, laws, defenses, and cultures into Medieval England thus creating the way that modern society
Otto was the son of the future king Henry I, of the Liudolfing, or Saxon, dynasty, and his second wife, Matilda. Little is known of his early years, but he probably shared in some of his father’s campaigns. He married Edith, daughter of the English king Edward the Elder, in 930; she obtained as her dowry the flourishing town of Magdeburg. Nominated by Henry as his successor, Otto was elected king by the German dukes at Aachen on Aug. 7, 936, a month after Henry’s death, and crowned by the archbishops of Mainz and Cologne.
For thousands of years people have been talking about the great powerful Caesar. He is one of the greatest known dictators known to people today mostly because of all of the things he was able to accomplish during his rein as emperor. After reading primary sources about Caesar, it has given me a better understanding of what other people thought of him during this time period. It’s safe to say that Caesar was obsessed with power and respect from other people that would explain his thirst for war and land, which is one of his greatest strengths and helped in making Rome a great empire.
Philip II of Macedonia became king when he was 23 years old in very dire situations in 359 B.C.E. See also: Sekunda 4. There were threats from barbarians north of Macedonia, and threats from the cunning Greek southern cities (4). Philip had to act quickly to gain control, so he needed to create an army (4). He had spent time in Thebes as a hostage and gained military knowledge "from the work of Epaminondas, one of the greatest generals of the day" ("Philip II"). He armed his military "with a sarissa, a pike that, at about 16 feet long, had a greater reach than Greek weapons" ("Philip II").
...decided that he would marry Elizabeth’s oldest daughter but before that could happen , Tudor attacked England and conquered and executed the king ,Richard lll. After he executed him, he crowned himself as King Henry VII and married princess Elizabeth who was the descendant of Elizabeth Woodville. This marriage was a result of bonding the family of Lancaster and York and to strengthen his status
Charles I was born in Fife Scotland on 19 November 1600, being the second son of James VI of Scotland and of Anne of Denmark. He became king because of the death of his brother, Prince Henry, in 1612. He was the second Stuart King of England, in 1625.
later he crowned himself as Emperor King. He turned the French against Europe and took over
Who would have been the best suited leader of Rome in sixth century B.C.? Many believe it could have been Marcus Antonius, Marcus Brutus, or the great Julius Caesar. Marcus Brutus is known to be the most honorable man in Rome at the time and was well respected. Caesar is the ruler and has a successful military. He also seeks wealth and power. Antony is Caesar’s right hand man and good friend. He later acquires the position that Caesar had and also seeks wealth and power. All three men are after the job, but Brutus is obviously the one who was most suited for it and also the only one who never got the chance.
Henry’s first wife was Catherine of Aragon. She was actually the widow of his late brother, Arthur. Catherine was matched up with Arthur when she was three years old. In 1501, she married Arthur, and coincidentally Arthur escorted her down the aisle. A little after Arthur’s death, she got engaged to Henry VIII. Catherine was crowned queen of England on June 24, 1909 to King Henry VIII. Shortly after marriage, Catherine gets pregnant, but gives birth to a stillborn child. Not only was she a stillborn baby, but she was also a little girl.
Before the Hundred Years’ War England’s king Edward III, had many possible reasons as to what he could get out of saying he wanted to be the king of France. A piece of evidence that shows what he could have gotten out of saying he wanted to be king is, “He could also use it as a powerful weapon in negotiation, by offering to renounce his claim against very large territorial concessions, for instance the independence Aquitaine from France - possibly even the cession of Normandy and Anjou on the same terms” (Keen). During the Hundred Years’ War England captured King Philip’s successor John at the victory of Poitiers and then there was a treaty signed to get King John of France back. A piece of evidence that shows that the treaty did this at a cost is, “The principle terms of the treaty were that France pay three million crowns for King John’s ransom, and that he would cede to Edward an enlarged Aquitaine, wholly independent of the French crown. In return, Edward would renounce his claim to the French throne. For the next nine years Edward did indeed cease to use the title king of France” (Keen). So if King John is released to France and King Edward stops saying he is the king of France, King Edward gets three million crowns and more land from France that is completely his to control. After the Hundred Years’ War England got into a civil war because anyone involved in the Hundred Years’ War was held responsible for the loss. In Maurice Keen’s article “The Hundred Years War he writes, “The shock in England over the loss of its formerly wide overseas empire was very great. Popular rage against the counsellors and commanders deemed responsible had much to do with the outbreak in the mid-1450s of civil war (the ‘Wars of the Roses’).” When the population of England started to blame the commanders and counsellors the “Wars of the Roses”
“According to the Greek historian Theopompus of Chios, Europe had never seen a man like king Philip of Macedonia, and he called his history of the mid-fourth century BCE the Philippic History” . Phillip obtained his reputable name from many sources because of how quickly he was able to build Macedonia from the ground up. Without all of the work that Philip II did prior to Alexander taking the throne, Alexander would not have been
He had decided to marry Catherine of Aragon who was destined to marry his brother, Arthur ever since she was merely three years old, but their marriage had become short due to his death which made the pact at risk, so Henry’s marriage to her on June 24, 1509 then saved the alliance between Spain and England. He had adored her every time he would come back to the castle and say “my Catherine alone shall extend me her hand, and give me a welcome to the bridal chamber.” (Williams 27) Although the marriage did not come easy since Catherine’s parents were skeptical of the marriage, “many a rebellion had to be put down and many a pretender put away, before they could consent to entrust their daughter to the care of an English king.” (Pollard 20) Shortly after, Catherine was pregnant with a child. Henry was ecstatic in hopes of the child being a male to take over the throne, but to his disappointment, the child was a female who “was a stillborn” (Pollard 143) and was premature in January 1510. Although, Henry was soon brought back to his feet by another pregnancy that resulted in a male. He was so happy that he celebrated the birth of a young prince born on January 1, 1511 that was soon followed by the prince’s death after only being 52 days old. After multiple attempts to have a child, she was successful with a daughter on
In November 1582 he married Anne Hathaway. He was 18 and she was 26. They had 3 children. May 1583 they had Susanna then two years later had twins, Hamnet and Judith. Hamnet died at the age of 11. Susanna married a physician in 1607, and Shakespeare's other daughter married to a vintner in 1616.