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The Political Power of Social Media
impact of social media on public opinion
The Political Power of Social Media
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Social media can also be used as a method to appear more connected to the citizens and as a platform to share personal images from the private lives of politicians. This has been a rather successful approach as many politicians have taken to using social media platforms such as Twitter and Facebook. An example of this is Barack Obama’s most retweeted Twitter post, that contained a photograph of the President and the First Lady in a warm embrace with the caption ‘four more years’. This photo was successful in portraying the presidents personal life - his loving relationship with his wife - and positive personality traits (Harding, 2012, The Guardian). This helped to show Barack Obama as the right leader for the country for the next four years. It also made the citizens feel involved in a personal moment in the presidents life, through social media. This was really effective as the whole campaign was relied heavily on social media to connect with the voters. These methods of presenting ones private life in the media should not be excluded from political discourse as it helps to show the electorate more and help them feel more connected to the politicians.
Lee, (2013) states, in Britain “...the area of political debate has become smaller and parties have become more similar, certainly in the area of policy” (Lee, 2013:281). The lack of differences between political parties may make it harder for the citizens to decide who to vote for. The increased attention on the personality traits and personal lives of politician may be an alternative method for the electorate to decide who to vote for. Kuhn, (2004) mentions that the personal qualities of politicians can help citizens distinguish candidates when the there is little difference be...
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...and Public Policy - Discussion Paper D-2.
McAllister, I., (2005), ‘The Personalisation of Politics’ - http://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/staff/mcallister/pubs/personal.pdf [Accessed online on - 31th March 2014].
Savigny, H., (2004), ‘The Media and the Personal Lives of Politicians in the United States’, Parliamentary Affairs, 57(1):223-235.
Seaton, J., (2003), ‘Public, Private, and the Media’, The political Quarterly, 72(2):174-183.
Stanyer, J., and Wring, D., (2004), ‘Public Images, Private Lives: An Introduction’ Parliamentary Affairs, 57(1):1-18.
Stanyer, J., (2013), Intimate Politics: Publicity, Privacy, and the Private Lives of Politicians in Media Saturated Democracies (Cambridge: Polity Press).
Street, J., (2004), ‘Celebrity Politicians: Popular Culture and Political Representation’ The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 6(4):435-452.
Holmes, P, Introducing Politics for AS Level, London: Polity Press, 2008. [Chapter 8, sections 5, 6 & 7]
In this article Mary Kate Cary opens up with the supreme court decision to not restrict the use of corporate funds in political advertising so that she can make her point that big money ads are not the most effective way for candidates to reach American constituents. She argues that social media is a new way for politicians to connect with citizens. Her five claim are that Americans can now, choose the media they wish to consume, share the media they choose the share, like posts they agree with and dislike posts they do not agree with, connect with others on social media, and donate to candidate campaigns online. With these claims she comes to the conclusion that politicians want to go around mainstream media so that they can connect directly with the voters.
Kelly, R. 2008. It is only made things worse: A critique of Electoral System in Britain. The political quarterly 79(2):260-261.
In the chapter entitled “The Public Presidency Communications and Media,” Matthew Eshbaugh-soha argues that media coverage is extremely essential for presidential governance. However, it is challenging to control and adjust to serve presidential purposes, for it is driven by different motives. A president’s goal is to increase coverage surrounding him to obtain support for his policies, while the media wants to sell the best headlines to increase their profit. Eshbaugh-soha argues that even though presidents have developed different tactics to maximize their media coverage, they often face failures in doing so. In this chapter, Eshbaugh-soha analyzes the different mythologies, through which presidents attempt to increase their communication with the public. He accomplishes that by examining specific examples and statistics from different presidential eras, as well as these mythologies’ successes and limitations overall.
The most notable feature of the current state of journalism in the U.S. is the total dereliction of duty on the part of national political reporters. More than fifty congress critters, senators, and state governors have announced their retirements in the past year, after they received packets from a group of hackers called the Fifth Column detailing illegal and unreported income from bribes, kickbacks, payoffs, and whatnot. This story of the wholesale sell-out of the U.S. political process should rank as one of the top stories of the decade. But the national media blandly reports the contrived explanations ("I just want to spend more time with my heretofore neglected family") and speculates on the sad loss of Washington country-club camaraderie that used to keep such fine people in public office forever.
Marshall P. David (1997). Celebrity Power; Fame in Contemporary Culture. May 16, 2010. Electronically retrieved from
American democracy was built on the foundation of compromises. For example, the Constitution would have never been ratified if the Bills of Rights was not part of the compromise. In a system that is built on making compromises, it is dangerous to have high levels of political polarization. The Republican-controlled House and the Democrat-controlled Senate are constantly at a gridlock and are on the path to becoming the most unproductive Congress since World War II. Despite the “growth” of self-proclaimed Independent, a quick look at their voting history would show that they are usually weak Democrats or weak Republicans. In American politics, party identification is still the single best indicator of how a person will vote. In recent years, both parties have become smaller and more ideologically homogeneous; Republicans are dominated by conservatives, while a growing number of Democrats call themselves liberals. Most Americans claim that they see important differences between the parties and many feel that they must stay loyal to their party especially during presidential elections.
South University Online. (2013). POL2076: American Government: Week 4: People and Politics—Interest Groups. Retrieved from http://myeclassonline.com
The want for acceptance and the need to be liked are natural desires within human nature, especially within political context. Politicians are often criticized for bending their beliefs and making different promises to different groups, often even contrasting in their ultimate goal, but is there really another option? In order to win an election and maintain power, one must win the support of the majority of the constituent. In order to do so, he must sacrifice some of his own goals and thoughts to become what the people want, what the median voter wants; he must become who they want to represent them, who they want in office, and, most immediately, for whom they want to vote. Only by taking on this median voter approach on some scale, can a candidate even hope to become more than a candidate.
...has so much power. The findings of this research could be used by campaigners in an attempt to swing an election in their favour, creating an unfair bias in parliament and denigrating the ideals of democracy.
Newsmaking,” in Media Power in Politics, 6th Ed., ed. Doris A. Graber. Washington D.C.: CQ Press, 421-430.
... Trent, J. D., Mongeau, P. A., & Short-Thompson, C. (1997). The Ideal Candidate Revisited: A Study of the Desired Attributes of the Public and the Media Across Three Presidential Campaigns. American Behavioural Scientist, 40, 8, 1001-1019.
The main aim of this report is to analyze the impacts of changes in the media concerning the societal and individual view of politics and politicians. The report also describes significant milestones in mass media since the year 1960 and examines the impact of mass media on how people think politically. The report then considers the effect of technological advancements in mass media and the effect on the results of elections. The use of mass media has increased over the last fifty years in that it is a primary medium through which supporters of various campaigners share their ideas and views concerning politicians and different political parties. Through social media, behaviors and performance of several activists have brought
Garner, R., Ferdinand, P. and Lawson, S. (2009) Introduction to Politics. 2nd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
The relationship between journalism and politics is a two-way street: though politicians take advantage as best