Under Suleiman the Magnificent the Ottoman Empire was a force to be reckoned with, it ruled the Middle East and Suleiman was quickly realizing his goal of advancing into Europe. However in 1529 a major military upset in the Austrian city of Vienna would halt the Islamic Ottoman expansion and save Europe from the possibility of Ottoman control. However this might not had been the case if it were not for several key disadvantages the Ottoman Empire had against the Viennese. Suleiman the Magnificent’s defeat during the siege of Vienna, 1529, was caused by poor weather conditions, chaos and disorganization amongst the Ottoman ranks, and a much stronger Viennese defense than was anticipated.
On May 10, 1529 Sultan Suleiman left Istanbul on an offensive campaign. Earlier, in August 1526, the Ottoman forces had defeated the forces of King Louis II of Hungary at the Battle of Mohacs. This put south-eastern Hungary under Ottoman control, giving Suleiman the Magnificent the foot-hold in Europe he so desperately wanted. Up until this point Suleiman’s military prowess had been unprecedented; he easily swept over and conquered many kingdoms such as Belgrade, Rhodes, and Hungary. This gave him confidence that he could also easily take Vienna and begin to sweep over the rest of Europe; this mistake would prove to be detrimental.
After the Hungarian defeat in 1526, the Arch Duke of Austria, Ferdinand I of Habsburg, claimed the empty Hungarian throne by right of his wife, Anna of Bohemia and Hungary, who was the heirless Louis II’s sister. However, there was a dispute over the power in Hungary; Ferdinand took recognition only in the west, while a Transylvanian noble named John Zápolya challenged him for the crown in the east. Zápolya tr...
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...t, Harvard University Press, 1913
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Works Cited: http://members.ll.net/ken/hunter3.html Ozment, Steven. The Burgermeister's Daughter: Scandal in a Sixteenth –Century German Town. New York: Harper Perennial, 1996. Print.
The seventeenth century was undeniably a period of great division, war and turmoil for Hungary. After the events of the previous century, Hungary remained divided into three distinct areas. The largest was Ottoman Hungary, under the direct control of Constantinople, which encompassed the south and south-east of Hungary. Second, there was the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom founded by János Zápolyai in 1526, who after the defeat of the Hungarian forces at the First Battle of Mohács sought the support of Sultan Suleiman I to be crowned King of Hungary by a rival faction of the nobility and became the Sultan’s vassal. After 1571, with the coronation of István Báthory, this Kingdom became the Principality of Transylvania which was semi-autonomous with Habsburgs and Ottomans vying for control. Lastly there was Royal Hungary, the only part of Hungary still under Habsburg control in this period. It consisted of the western and north-western areas that had been secured by Ferdinand I after being declared King of Hungary by the pro-Habsburg part of the noblity in 1526. This division remained the status quo into the seventeenth century. In this essay, it will be argued that due to this division the Habsburgs found it impossible to consolidate power in Hungary as well as a variety of other factors such as, confessional divisions in Hungary opposed to the Catholic dynasty, Habsburg priorities resting in religious conflict in Germany and securing influence in the Mediterranean from Ottoman and French fleets, Habsburg involvement in the Thirty Years War and the revived Franco-Ottoman Alliance. All these factors together ensured that the Habsburg would not gain control of Hungary until 1699.
Wenzlhuemer, Roland J. "Empire, British." Encyclopedia of Western Colonialism since 1450 Vol. 1. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2007
Early in the 17th century, Ferdinand I ascended to the throne of the Habsburg, Austrian Empire. Ferdinand was a devout Catholic and his subjects in his Bohemian territory believed that the right to practice Protestantism, granted to them by...
Wolfsgrüber, Cölestin. “The Austro-Hungarian Monarchy.” The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 18 December 2011
"Between 1453 and 1526 Muslims founded three major states in the Mediterranean, Iran, and South Asia: respectively the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empire" (Dale 1). Everyone knows the Mediterranean, Iran, and South Asia because of modernization and technology. These regions are seen in newspapers and television for their current status, but not a lot of people have ever considered how they were back in the 15th century. The majority of our generation knows Istanbul, but what about Constantinople? The 15th century was the Gunpowder Empires era in which three major empires ruled the Mediterranean, Iran, and South Asia: Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal. Even though the Mughals were not as successful as the Ottomans, they both share similarities in
Ebel, Kathryn A. "Representations of the Frontier in Ottoman Town Views of the Sixteenth Century." Imago Mundi 60, no. 1 (January 2008): 1-22. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed April 20, 2011).
Although Vlad went through continuous trials, he achieved a lot. After the city of Constantinople, an old Roman city fell to the Ottomans, war out broke and Vlad was permitted to lead an army into Wa...
He disappeared for some time and only returned in 1456, when he abandoned the Ottoman caused and joined the Hungarian one, though only after he got military support from the king. This time he got the governor place for a longer time.
...mpire weak and to be invaded by the crusaders and the Mongols in the 11th and 12th centuries. The invasion led to the destruction of all libraries and educational institutions and with that came the fall of the Abbasid Dynasty.
The Ottoman empire rose as the Seljuk kingdom fell. The Mongols raided but did not necessarily rule Anatolia, so there were fights in the area. A group called the Ottomans, named after their leader Osman, and they had power over everyone else, therefore building their empire. The Ottomans took Thrace and most of the Balkans as they went to Bosporus to get to Europe, but invasions stopped temporarily but greatly. The decade after, Bayazid’s sons fought over rule. Mehmed I won and unified the empire and continued the conquest of Europe and Asia Minor. They eventually took Constantinople, then Syria and Egypt to north Africa, most of Arab land, and also expanded to Hungary. Since the Ottomans had a good navy, they went to the Mediterranean as well, They also got Rhodes, Crete, and Cyprus. They pushed off the Venetians and Genoese from most of the eastern Mediterranean. They even threatened southern Italy with invasion. Military was important for Ottomans, especially since they had jihads. Their economy was based on fight and expansion. The Turkic cavalry conquered from the 15th and 16th
Hooker, Richard. "The Ottomans: The 17th and 18th Centuries." Washington State University - Pullman, Washington. 1996. Web. 06 Apr. 2011. .
Lafraie, Najibullah (2009). Revolutionary Ideology and Islamic Militancy : The Iranian Revolution and Interpretations of the Quran. Tauris Academic Studies. Retrieved March 23, 2012, from Ebook Library.
Heinrich Von Treitschke, The Confessions of Frederick the Great and the Life of Frederick the Great (Maryland: Wildside Press LLC, 2010) 37-38.
Ullmann, Walter. A Short History of the Papacy in the Middle Ages. 2nd ed. New York City, NY: Routledge, 2003.