On the Development of Quantum Computers and Cryptography
In 2010, the United States government, after accessing encrypted files by means of physical intervention, exposed ten Russian sleeper agents; in 2013, the United States government, without any means of physical intervention, surreptitiously collected and promptly decrypted many previously encrypted (Wood). Within this decade, concerns regarding the dubious security of contemporary cryptography will begin to emerge as the secrets of quantum computing quickly unravel. Companies that rely on Moore’s law, which asserts that computing power doubles every eighteen months, to justify using the theoretically weak cryptography scheme known as RSA will succumb to the risks posed by unforeseen developments in this branch of computer science. Such an occurrence resides not too far in the future, and when the stasis between the two opposing forces of cryptological and quantum development breaks, it will upend all encryption techniques presently practiced. In order to ward off the impending risk of nil action, businesses must invest in more dependable technologies.
All of the the modern world’s electronic security relies on a system developed before the dawn of microprocessors known as “public-key cryptography,” which encrypts information with a lock that only the handler can unlock using a so called ‘public key’. When first conceived in the 1940s, everyone lauded the idea of using inextricably convoluted code to obfuscate information. As a result, society built most of modern day cryptography upon this foundation. Looking to improve upon this architecture in the 1970s, Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Leonard Adleman developed a new cryptographic scheme called “RSA” that works in a similar...
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... the gravity of an oncoming crises and possibly diffuse it entirely.
While the future arrives quickly, and quantum computing technology develops at an unprecedented rate, the development of a complete and fully functional quantum computer will engender the world with both luxuries and hazards. Even so, quantum computers don’t harbor danger in and of themselves -- only the people who find it useful to abuse them harbor danger. Individuals and policy makers can not avoid this by condemning the use and development of this technology. By investing in other encryption technologies, companies can secure their digital assets from a brute-force attack. In a time when the government already puts cyber-security at stake, progression remains as the only conceivable option. For better or for worse, the computing power the government has today, the people will have tomorrow.
As technology continues to advance at lightning speed, the world as we used to know it is beginning to disappear. Publically available data has replaced much of the espionage tactics that the CIA depended on after WWII and into the Cold War. Information that used to take years to obtain through covert missions is now readily available on social media, commercial databases, or through Signals intelligence (SIGINT). As the world becomes more technologically advanced and intelligence sources display new opportunities, the Intelligence Community (IC) has been there to exploit the data to gain the upper hand on the enemy, and support decision makers. Advancements in technology have made the IC what it is today, however, the path of learning the correct methods of exploitation is littered with abuses. In the 1950’s and 60’s, the CIA’s newest technology was a proposed mind control drug, and project MK-ULTRA was born. The Central intelligence Agency (CIA) performed rogue tests on an unknowing public without their knowledge and severely tainted the image of the agency. In 2013, the public found out about the National Security Agency’s (NSA) Top Secret PRISM program that obtained the phone and internet records of the public without their consent. These two programs were separated by decades, yet the similarities are undeniable. Both MK-ULTRA and PRISM resulted in intelligence oversight reforms aimed at managing these types of operations before they occur. While the government does not always have the ability to foresee how advancements in technology will affect the public, intelligence oversight mechanisms over the past 20 years provide the necessary safeguards that are needed to protect each American’s privacy, provide for th...
In July 2015, many of the world’s high ranking cryptographers published that the loss and destruction induced by adopting a key escrow system 20 years ago would be even more serious, that would be very hard to identify security weaknesses that could be misused by
Information security today is a vast field, with more money, publications, and practitioners than all of computer science had a half-century ago (Diffie, 2008). The importance of information security in today’s society is exponentially greater than even ten years ago; businesses crumble at severe security breaches, people lose their identities, and countries lose well-kept secrets. Before this security came into importance, before widespread use of computers and other devices, it was known by another name; cryptology. The science of cryptology, cryptanalysis, and codes/code-breaking has actually played a concise and important role in history going back into the Renaissance era, and earlier. This science decided the fate of many lives and even turned the tides of both World Wars. Cryptographs in literature and letters , written by women, dating back into the Renaissance, during the 1600’s, ultimately lead to the execution of Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, Queen Elizabeth’s second cousin. Communications during World War I and World War II between allied battalions were aided by code-talkers, men of multiple Native American heritages, who used native languages and developed codes found unbreakable by the enemy. Also during World War II, Alan Turing developed an electromechanical device called the ‘Bombe’, which was used at Blecthley Park , to decode encrypted transmissions from the German Axis soldiers who were using the Enigma Machine to encode their communications.
The RSA cryptosystem, imagined by Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Len Adleman , was pitched in the August 1977 issue of Scientic American. The cryptosystem is generally ordinarily utilized for giving security and guaranteeing legitimacy of advanced information. Nowadays RSA is sent in numerous business frameworks. It is utilized by web servers and programs to secure web traffic, it is used to guarantee security and legitimacy of Email, it is utilized to secure remote login sessions, and it is at the heart of electronic Visa installment frameworks. In short, RSA is much of the time utilized within provisions where security of advanced information is a worry.
In the rapidly developing field of computer science, there is no more controversial issue than encryption. Encryption has become a highly contested issue with the broad use of global networks including the Internet. As more and more sensitive documents are being placed on computer networks, and trusted information is being sent from computer to computer throughout the world, the need for encryption has never been greater. However, the effects of encryption on our lifestyle and the government's role in encryption has been (and will continue to be) debated for years to come.
PKC is the enabling technology for all Internet security and the increasing use of digital signatures, which are replacing traditional signatures in many contexts. However, RSA is better than PKC because RSA doesn’t need digital signature. As a result, the RSA algorithm turned out to be a perfect fit for the implementation of a practical public security system. In 1977, Martin Gardner first introduced the RSA system. After 5 years, company RSA used secure electronic security products. Nowadays many credit companies of all over the world use the RSA system or a similar system based on the RSA system.
Albert Einstein once said that he “[does] not believe in immortality of the individual, and consider [‘s] ethics to be an exclusively human concern with no superhuman authority behind it”. Ethics matters not only in ones personal life but in society as a whole. It touches everything in today’s world. A major place that is affected by ethics nowadays is technology. With the development of new powerful technologies and better communication systems the Internet threats have reached a certain level of maturity that concerns many. Cyber Security has turned into a dependency for many, such as: private organizations, government health institutions and many companies. The amount of information available in these systems could compromise them and the many users they support. In the article” Data theft from firms topped a trillion dollars in 2008: study” cyber security is the main topic. The formal ethical systems that could justify the actions reported in the article, if these actions are consistent with either the ACM or IEEE codes of ethics, and if the behaviors are consistent with issues of privacy or intellectual property are all issues that will be further discussed.
In 1995, Leonard N. Foner, a researcher at the MIT Media Lab, wrote “Cryptography and the Politics of One’s True Name,” an essay discussing the morality and legality of cryptography in both the public and private sectors. In this essay, he argues that strong cryptography is essential to the privacy of secure exchanges of money and information. While Foner’s essay was certainly relevant when it was written, the advancements in technology made since then as well as the dramatic increase in dependency on cryptography for everyday aspects of life make his essay more relevant than ever. When emphasizing the value of cryptography, Foner explains in great detail how cryptography works, which helps the reader understand the importance and impact of
Ever since day one, people have been developing and creating all sorts of new methods and machines to help better everyday life in one way or another. Who can forget the invention of the ever-wondrous telephone? And we can’t forget how innovative and life-changing computers have been. However, while all machines have their positive uses, there can also be many negatives depending on how one uses said machines, wiretapping in on phone conversations, using spyware to quietly survey every keystroke and click one makes, and many other methods of unwanted snooping have arisen. As a result, laws have been made to make sure these negative uses are not taken advantage of by anyone. But because of how often technology changes, how can it be known that the laws made so long ago can still uphold proper justice? With the laws that are in place now, it’s a constant struggle to balance security with privacy. Privacy laws should be revised completely in order to create a better happy medium between security and privacy. A common misconception of most is that a happy medium of privacy and security is impossible to achieve. However, as well-said by Daniel Solove, “Protecting privacy doesn’t need to mean scuttling a security measure. Most people concerned about the privacy implications of government surveillance aren’t arguing for no[sic] surveillance and absolute privacy. They’d be fine giving up some privacy as long as appropriate controls, limitations, oversight and accountability mechanisms were in place.”(“5 Myths about Privacy”)
Perlroth, N. (2015, July 7). Security Experts Oppose Government Access to Encrypted Communication. New York Times, Technology, p. n.p. Retrieved from
This Essay is meant to shed light on a complex subject, quantum entanglement. Now, quantum entanglement is a part of much more complex subjects, such as classical mechanics, quantum theory, and quantum mechanics; these subjects will not be covered. The idea of quantum entanglement will be explained: What it is and when does it happen. After a little understanding of Entanglement, a discussion will follow on what it means for us from a technological standpoint and what can we accomplish in the near future. Pushing that idea further into the future looking at bigger possibilities in transportation, and what potential liabilities and moral dilemmas could ensue. It is my belief that quantum entanglement could accomplish many great things, but could
What may have started as a seemingly boring and meaningless computer check up and accounting problem, turned into an investigation and search for a military spy for the KGB. It seems that the more that the technical revolution grows and gets relied on more, the level of security becomes necessary to grow past it. It seems to be an ongoing battle to protect and monitor information from possible threats and hackers.
My knowledge has grown over the past six years, outwith the areas of learning offered by school courses, and I see this course as an opportunity to gain new skills and broaden my knowledge further. My main interests are varied, including communications and the internet, system analysis and design, software development, processors and low level machine studies. I have recently developed an interest in data encryption, hence my active participation in the RSA RC64 Secret-Key challenge, the latest international de-encryption contest from the RSA laboratories of America.
Quantum theory, which has been discovered for more than 100 years, changed the game rule. It seems to be a disaster and also a godsend. In this article, I would like to introduce this rarely-known game changer which changed the classical to the modern, analog to digital, and certainty to uncertainty. Few people notice that quantum appear in everywhere, not only about science, but also highly related to technology, contributing our modern world. Let's have a look into the amazing quantum world.
The date is April 14, 2035 a young woman is woken up by the silent alarm in her head. She gets up and steps into her shower where the tiles sense her presence and calculate the water to the precise temperature that she likes. The news flashes in her eyes announcing that today is the tenth anniversary of the day quantum computing was invented. She gets dressed and puts on her favorite hat with a smartband embedded in the rim, allowing her access to anything she needs just by thinking it. Her car is waiting with her trip preprogrammed into it. She arrives at the automated airport to see her associate waiting for her. By the look in his eyes she can tell he is doing a quick online search in his mind. Technology is constantly growing and soon this future will be a reality.