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Man to God Relationship
Sumerian, Judaic, and Greek Cultures
The Sumerians emerged approximately 3000 to 2500 B.C. in a region known as the “Fertile Crescent” located between the Euphrates and Tigris River and were considered by most historians to be the world’s first civilization. During this period of time, a form of writing was established known as cuneiform. It was from this form of writing that we discovered a great epic known as Gilgamesh and became enlightened about the Man to God relationship of the Sumerian culture.
Similarly, the Judaic culture emerged within the same region. A man named Abraham, a Sumerian, was believed to have come from the city of Ur. Abraham is known today as the father of three religions Judaic, Islamic, and Christianity. During the period of 1000 to 300 B.C. we see another great book of stories emerge known as the Bible: The Old Testament. This collection of work tells us about the history of the Jewish people.
During the late 8th century B.C. the Greek alphabet is formed and two great epic poems emerged known as the Iliad and Odyssey. There is some controversy today of the author, Homer, and whether or not he even existed, but regardless of the author, we are introduced to the Greek culture by these two great works of literature.
Mans relationship to God played a huge role during the early periods of civilization and within the three cultures mentioned above. The Sumerians and Greeks were polytheistic whereas the Judaic religion was ...
Homer. (800 BCE). The Iliad: Translated by Samuel Butler. Retrieved March 17, 2006 from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Web site: http://classics.mit.edu/Homer/iliad.html
A tragic hero is a noble man who commits a fatal flaw. The hero’s downfall is a result of their choices which leads to a punishment that exceeds the crime. “The difference between Proctor and Willy Loman is enormous; the former is the rather typical tragic hero who is defiant to the end, the latter is trapped in submission and is living a lie” (McGill 4). John Proctor is one of the main characters in The Crucible. he is married to Elizabeth Proctor and they live in Salem. In Arthur Miller’s famous play, The Crucible, John Proctor represents a classic tragic hero because he is a well respected man of noble stature, he is conflicted because of his fatal flaw, and his downfall is a result of his own choices.
John Proctor is an honest, though harsh, man who is clearly the protagonist of The Crucible. Before the beginning of the play, John had an affair with Abigail Williams, a girl who worked in his household, which was abruptly ended when Elizabeth Proctor, John's wife, fired her. This event causes Abigail to desire revenge against Elizabeth while she still pines for John. Once the trials are well underway, Abigail accuses Elizabeth of being a witch, which leads to her arrest. John goes to the court in defense of his wife, where he reveals that he did indeed committed adultery with Abigail in an attempt to expose her as a fraud and a liar. Unfortunately, John's appeal falls on deaf ears and he is arrested as well. While his wife manages to get a temporary stay of execution, due to the fact that she is pregnant at the time of the trials, which in the end saves her by insuring her life until the chaos, hysteria, and persecution comes to an end, John is sentenced to death. The play ends with his hanging, but his death puts an end to the trials.
Much of the religious practice of the ancient world was polytheistic. The Hebrews embrace of monotheism is noteworthy, because it distinguishes Judaism from the ...
The school system of the Sumerians set the educational standards for Mesopotamia culture and other cultures to follow. Their studies included mathematics, botany and linguistics. Some students tha...
When analyzing ancient civilization and how it began, there are many elements and aspects that should be considered. Questions such as how did civilization begin? What lead to its creation? Where did it begin, and why in that particular location? Many of these questions can be examined and answered by researching what many believe is the world’s earliest civilization, Mesopotamia. It is widely believed that this region was chosen and supported one of the world’s first civilizations. This area was settled over 10,000 years ago by a group of people known as the Sumerians (Cunningham & Reich, 2010).
John Proctor faces many decisions in response to his moral dilemma to try to save his life. One of the difficult decisions John makes is to reveal that he had an affair with Abigail Williams and thereby has committed adultery. If the local court convicts him of this crime, he faces being jailed. Also by admitting this crime, John reveals a weakness in his character. This flaw in his personality will make it harder for him to stand up in the community as an honorable and believable person. In trying to convince others that witchcraft does not exist John’s dishonesty with his wife will make him less convincing to the community.
Early on in the play, the reader comes to understand that John Proctor has had an affair with Abigail Williams while she was working in his home. Abigail believed that if she got rid of Elizabeth Proctor, then John Proctor would become her own. John Proctor had an affair with Abigail, but for him it was just lust, while Abigail believed it to be true love. She told John Proctor that she loved him, and once she destroys Elizabeth, they would be free to love one another. John is horrified at this, but can do nothing to convince Abigail that he is not in love with her. Because of Abigail's twisted plot to secure John for herself, Elizabeth is arrested. John Proctor has to wrestle with the decision of what to do. He knows that he has sinned; yet he does not want to hurt his beloved wife. This is partly why he is willing to die. He knows he has already sinned.
In The Crucible, John Proctor is considered the anti-hero. Honest and humble, Proctor is a good man, but one with a secret, fatal flaw. He has fallen for Abigail Williams leading to her jealousy of Elizabeth, Proctor’s wife. Once the trials begin, Proctor realizes that he can terminate Abigail’s accusations; however, he can only do so if ha admits hi own guilt. Proctor is a proud man who places great emphasis on his reputation and such an admission would ruin that. He eventually makes an attempt to name Abigail as a sham without revealing the crucial information. When this attempt fails, he finally breaks out with a confession, calling Abigail a “whore”...
The Epic of Gilgamesh is generally regarded as the greatest literature about tales of a great king. The Epic of Gilgamesh served to show us a lot of things. The time period of BCE is very blurry, and this story attempts to describe many different things in not only Sumerian beliefs, but also Sumerian's culture as a whole. Like many stories from BCE the truth itself is questionable, even though a lot of the information is fact. The factual information that Gilgamesh teaches us about Sumerian Civilization is that had had many craftsman and artistic skills, and also a strong belief in Gods.
For glibness, Gacy received a 2. He was an incredibly smooth talker, which led to him being a great salesman. His superficial charm is incredible. For grandiose sense of self-worth, he received a 1. He was cocky and believed that he was better than other inmates because he did not deserve to be there. He believed himself to be a victim of the system. For need for stimulation, he received a 1. He moved around and changed relationship and career a couple times however, this was mostly in response to his criminal charges. He did not complain about being bored with his life or with school as a child. For pathological lying, he scored a 1. He only lied to keep himself from being incarcerated before he was and after, he made up stories to say that he was framed. For conning/manipulative, he scored a 1. Gacy used his business as a way to find victims. He would also entice his victims by promise of sex or employment (Hickey, 2016). For lack of remorse, Gacy scored a 2. He expressed no regret at all for any of his actions, he even blamed the victims and their parents for them being such easy targets. For shallow affect, Gacy scored a 1. He seemed to be able to experience a range of depth of emotion but not wholly. But he did not really claim to be close to anyone or provide details about his relationships. For callous/lack of empathy, Gacy scored a 2. He had no regard for people besides himself. He tortured his victims and then mocks them later calling them “worthless little queers and punks” (psychologytoday.com). for parasitic lifestyle, he scored a 0. He was a successful businessman and the closest he got to being dependent on family for money is when his father-in-law gave him a job. For poor behavioral controls, he scored a 2. Gacy was prone to violent mood swings. He was short tempered, according to his first wife. However, there was no evidence of him being an
Homer is credited for writing epics that generate source materials for the modern world. The Iliad and the Odyssey by Homer are captivating stories with fascinating heroic characters. The Homer stories share with classical mythology typical recurrent motifs. The two Homer epic poems focus on the Trojan War, and its result. The epic poems contain the Greek mythology featuring the Greek gods, goddesses, mythological creatures, and the Greek heroes, and heroines. In addition, the principal motifs typical of classical mythological hero stories are; the dominance of fate, evil fighting against the gods, and death. In both the classic mythology, and he modern fiction hero stories, the heroes always have a helper in their expedition, but ultimately, they have to stand alone, face the darkness, and conquer it in order to become victorious.
We learn about ancient civilizations through literature, artifacts, and stories passed down from generation to generation. The Mesopotamian civilization is one of earth's earliest civilizations, and it's also one we know very little about. We can gather information about these people's way life, beliefs, and geographical location. The Epic of Gilgamesh, a literary work from this time period, shows us several important pieces of information that helps us understand this ancient civilization. This epic shows us the Mesopotamian peoples belief system, their views on death, and their description of the after life.
In the book the Iliad, The Odyssey, and Works and days, there are many things that can be similar when talking about Greek heroes and the world of Greek poetry. The stories and topics are describing similar events during this time of the eighth and seventh century B.C. In the end, however, they do have some differences in some parts when describing or explaining certain situations and ideas. The world of Greek heroes is written like a story; or Epic Poetry. That is what The Iliad and The Odyssey are; Epic Poetries. They are telling a story of a great hero and their adventures. On the other hand, the more realistic Greek World that is being described in Works and days is a Didactic poem, which tells more of a moral or message to the reader.
Civilizations is identified by institutions whether is it governmental or cultural institutions. Mesopotamia is just one of the civilizations arouse about 3500- 3000 BCE, and influenced Homer on his literature about Iliad and Odyssey, where in this era Sumerian writings has thousands of clay tablets inscribed with wedge- shaped symbols of Sumerian script indicating that form of writing is developed around 3000 BCE. Then religiosity among Sumerian as well as Akkadian and Babylonian shared many basic attitudes and concepts that became the foundation for other Near Eastern beliefs system. Mesopotamian religion held that gods had created human beings to serve powerless mortals had no choice but to obey and worship these deities. Mesopotamian are polytheistic they believed in many gods and goddesses existed and often competed with one another. Believing that their gods is in human form as well with a strengths and weaknesses of mortals, believed their deities lived in the same way as people did, and when it comes in approaching the supernatural powers they are so practical, deities are there gods and have their own duties and responsibilities, there’s a sky of god and earth gods like for instance Anu, the sky of god; Enlil, the air god; Utu, the sun god; Enki the god of earth and the freshwater god; Nanna, the moon goddess; Inanna (or Ishatar), the goddess of love and war; and Ninhursag, the mother goddess. When it comes in their literature, The Epic of Gilgamesh focuses on fundamental themes that concern warriors in an aristocratic society; the need to be brave in the face of danger, the choice of death before dishonor, the conflict between companionship and sexual pleasure, the power of the gods over weak mortals, and the finality ...