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Olympic Level Fencing: Men’s Foil Individual
Scientific Principles of Strength and Conditioning
Fencing
The Olympic Games bring together individuals that are exceptional and impeccably dominant within their particular concentration of training and athletics. Olympic Games have an array of events and/or sports that range from individual to team competitions, and are either sport related activities or are combat related, such as fencing. Fencing is the sport of sword fighting, which was first known to be organized in 14th century Germany with heavier and larger swords, but fencing has evolved into utilizing a lighter sword for fencers to move much quicker in combat, competition and now a recreational sport (Slade, 2009). The sport of fencing is a combat sport that requires skillfulness that is primarily done in an indoors setting, where two athletes skirmish indirectly through the use of sword, and physical interaction is prohibited (Rio & Bianchedi, 2008). The swords used in fencing are the Sabre, Epee, and Foil, and the weapon in which the fencer is expected to use is centered on what they were interested in at the beginning of training or what the local club deals within, or maybe be due to what the coach specializes in (Turner et al., 2013). This sport prominently demands anaerobic drive within the fencers to produce high velocity action that are dynamic in nature and require a vast amount of articulation of joints and muscle force generation. Mental acuity factors are also crucial within fencing from mental preparation to tactical action conducted within the event to gain the upper hand (Chang, Regatte, & Schweitzer, 2009). Fencing is a mental and physical game; competitors must constantly anticipate their opponent’s mov...
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...vention. Education and Research Department Isokinetic, 38 (6): 465-481.
Slade, S. (2009) Fencing for Fun. Mankato, MN: Compass Point Books.
Turner, A., Miller, S., Stewart, P., Cree, J., Ingram, R., Dimitriou, L., Moodyand, J., & Kilduff, L. (2013) Strength and Conditioning for Fencing. National Strength and Conditioning Association, 35 (1): 1-9.
Tsolakis, C., Kostaki, E., & Vagenas, G. (2010) Anthropometric, flexibility, strength-power, and sport-specific correlates in elite fencing. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 110 (3): 1015-1028.
Zemper, E., McKeag, D., Hough, D., & Zemper, E. (1993) Epidemiology of athletic injuries. Primary Care Sports Medicine. Dubuque (IA): Brown & Banchmark: 63-73.
Zemper, E., & Harmer, D. P. (1996) Fencing. In: Caine, D., Caine, C., Linder, K. (Ed.). Epidemiology of Sports Injuries. Champaign (IL): Human Kinetics: 186-95
Matthew R. Potter, Ashley J. Snyder, Gary A. Smith, Boxing Injuries Presenting to U.S. Emergency Departments, 1990–2008, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, Volume 40, Issue 4, April 2011, Pages 462-467, ISSN 0749-3797, 10.1016/j.amepre.2010.12.018.(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749379711000341)
Nation, A. D., et al. “Football-Related Injuries Among 6- to 17-Year-Olds Treated in US Emergency Departments, 1990-2007.” Clinical Pediatrics. 50.3 (2010) : 200-207. Web. 3 Apr. 2014.
There are many injuries in general, but sports injuries? Sprains and Strains are the most common injuries in sports. “Sprains are injuries to ligaments, the tough bands connecting in a joint. Suddenly stretching ligaments past their limits deforms or tears them” (Hoffman 1). Ligaments are like springs in a sense that when you stretch a spring, it will return to it’s normal state unless they are
... Center for Injury and Research Policy (CIRP). “High School Injuries by Sport and Gender.” May 23, 2008. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/05/080522072325.htm. Retrieved on 1/10/14.
Injuries can be common while participating in organized sports, competitions, training exercises, or fitness activities says Darice Britt. “Poor training methods, inadequate warm-up, and lack of conditioning are a few of the causes of sports injuries.” (Britt) Although on the other hand, Apostolos Theophilou, DPT, clinical coordinator of the Physical Therapist Assisting program at South University says that Injuries can be caused by a combination of those things, not necessarily the only reasons. “Fatigue and overuse are also significant contributors to an injury, and not excluding also the psychosocial aspects and dehydration that cause athletes to be prone to injuries.” (Theophilou)
“In this surveillance study of injuries among US high school athletes participating in boys' football, girls' and boys' soccer, girls' volleyball, girls' and boys' basketball, boys' wrestling, boys' baseball, and girls' softball during the 2005–2006 school year, ankle injuries accounted for 22.6% of all injuries, with a total ankle injury rate of 5.23 injuries per 10 000 A-Es.”(Nelson 2007) As shown, ankle injuries are very common in sports. Football is one of the most accountable sports for ankle injuries for males with a percentage of “33.6% of all ankle injuries.” (Nelson
...sh someone down while kicking the soccer ball; elbow you on the face while playing basketball, getting hit by a baseball/softball, getting tackled by another football player. These are the most common injuries in sports.
Dunn, George et al. National Strength and Conditioning Association. National Strength and Conditioning Association Journal. 7. 27-29. 1985.
Creative new training methods, developed by coaches, athletes and sport scientists, are aimed to help improve the quality and quantity of athletic training ( Kellmann, 2010, p.1). However, these methods have encountered a consistent set of barriers including overtraining ( Kellmann, 2010, p.1). Due to these barriers, the need for physical and mental recovery in athletics brought an increasing attention in practice and in research ( Kellmann, 2010, p.1).
Fencing is a method of personal expression and release. It is ultimatly a way of life for some. Nevertheless, this noble lifestyle is dying out. There are those who would convince others that classical fencing is a way of the past. In its place they would promote a sport that uses the same equipment and yet, is so different, that one cannot think of it in the same light. The controversy between these two poses the question "is Olympic fencing better than classical?"; A question that will require some research.
A lot of times, sports seem like a contest of physical skill― a test to see who is the fastest or strongest, who has the best eye or the most endurance, who can jump the highest or can handle the ball the best. What a lot of people don’t know is that there is so much more to a sport than just the muscle and coordination. In order to excel in a sport, an athlete requires a lot of self-discipline, concentration, and self-confidence. It’s the mental factor that makes a difference. Former Olympic gold medal-winning decathlon runner Bruce Jenner once said, “You have to train your mind like you train your body” (Gregoire 1). Success or failure depends on the mental factors just as much as the physical ones. The training of the mind of an athlete is called sports psychology. The use of sports psychology has a huge impact upon an athlete’s performance. The mental skills of a sport are just as important as the physical skills. All professional athletes use sports psychology. “If they aren’t currently using it, it’s almost guaranteed they’ve used it in the past, even if they are unaware they have” (Davis, Stephens, The Exploratorium 129). It’s hard to find an experienced athlete who hasn’t used sports psychology, because without it, they probably wouldn’t be where they are. The use of sports psychology is a crucial step to becoming a successful athlete.
Paddock, Catharine. "Young Athletes: Injuries And Prevention." Medical News Today. MediLexicon International Ltd, 9 Aug. 2012. Web. 15 Nov. 2013.
In 1976 Scotland, a reported 100,000 people were in the hospital with a reported head injury. In the United Kingdom, they reported one million head injuries per year, according to hospital records. “Almost half of these are children less than fourteen years old and males outnumber females by more than two to one.”(Graham). Deaths due to head injuries during this time were reported to be approximately nine deaths per one hundred thousand injuries. These were reports were taken before and up to 1976 and in the United Kingdom. In American sports, there were more reported deaths or paralysis due to head injuries. In 1904, 19 athletes died or became paralyzed. In 1938, 894 deaths were thought to be caused by head injuries in athletics (HIS). Theodore Roosevelt actually threatened to ban American football unless changes were made to prevent these injuries and deaths caused by the sport. Since then, sports head injuries have dramatically decreased (HIS).
Gabboth, Tim. "Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins). Feb2012, Vol. 26 Issue 2, P487-491. 5p." N.p., n.d. Web.
Siedentop, D. Introduction to physical education, fitness, and sport. 7. McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages, 2009. Print.