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us history flashcards roots of the new conservatism
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Starting during the 1970s, factions of American conservatives slowly came together to form a new and more radical dissenting conservative movement, the New Right. The New Right was just as radical as its liberal opposite, with agendas to increase government involvement beyond the established conservative view of government’s role. Although New Right politicians made admirable advances to dissemble New Deal economic policies, the movement as a whole counters conservativism and the ideologies that America was founded on. Although the New Right adopts conservative economic ideologies, its social agenda weakened the conservative movement by focusing public attention to social and cultural issues that have no place within the established Old Right platform. There was general prosperity in America following the Second World War, however in the 1970s inflation rose, productivity decreased, and corporate debt increased. Individual incomes slipped as oil prices raised. Popular dissent surrounding the economic crisis helped Reagan win the 1980 election under promises to lower taxes, deregulate, and bring America out of stagnation. Many New Right supporters put their faith in him to change the system. To start his tenure, Reagan passed significant tax cuts for the rich to encourage investment. Next he passed the Economy Recovery Tax Act that cut tax rates by 25% with special provisions that favored business. Reagan’s economic measures were based on his belief in supply-side economics, which argued that tax cuts for the wealthy and for business stimulates investment, with the benefits eventually tricking down to the popular masses. His supply-side economic policies were generally consistent with the establishment’s support of free market, ... ... middle of paper ... ...tive movement. By adding social issues to the conservative agenda, the New Right weakened the establishment’s movement, contradicting and discrediting its fundamental principles. The new social agenda contradicted Old Right’s belief in limited government and individual rights. Today, the New Right continues to grow and the Christian Right continues to gain political power. Republican candidates are considered politically dead unless they secure the support of the Christian Coalition. Before the New Right comes to embody “conservativism” within American political discourse, Old Right conservatives must discard the dissenter’s social initiatives and reclaim the establishment’s conservative agenda: remove the New Right’s social agenda, return to establishment’s conservative ideals, and develop policies based on limited government, free market, and individual liberty.
The prime example of their success is Ronald Reagan with his mix of conservatism and populism. Rhetoric about morality, freedom and responsibility now resonated in new ways with increasing numbers of white middle-class Americans who were concerned with social changes and the threat to their privileges. Even during the Watts Riots, Reagan landed the 1966 campaign for California Governor. But, conservatives did not ease up on their utter disdain for communism. And it highlights a core aspect of McGirr’s argument: she observes how conservatism pits a white-collar middle class against communism and its sinister plots of
Immediately after being sworn into office, Reagan implemented the first of many tax cuts. The Economic Recovery Tax Act passed in 1981 took 20% off taxes from top income levels and 25% off taxes from all lower income levels. Additional tax cuts, enforced in 1986, lowered taxes for those with high incomes by another 28% and those with lower incomes by 15%. These cuts were enacted based on the principle that tax breaks for the upper echelon of society would encourage investment and spending, creating new jobs for lower income individuals. Though these acts helped America during an economic low, they had consequences which are still being felt today. During Reagan’s presidency the distribution of wealth shifted unfairly towards individuals...
Reagan became president when the country was experiencing economic troubles; mainly inflation was at 13 percent and the unemployment rate climbing. Reagan developed a relief act and policies that became known as Reaganomics. Marc Cornman states “that there was no positive to the policies unless you were rich.” Interesting perspective, meaning that the policies covered lowering income and capital gains taxes, encouraging businesses to do business in the United States hoping to boost spending and in turn the economy. Mr. Cornman remembers more negatives, “Unemployment and the first recession, he raised taxes and eliminated deductions but continued to lower taxes for the wealthy.” He also recollects that President Reagan fired thousands of air traffic controllers for going on strike and that Reagan implied that unions were no longer needed this harming the economy even more. He feels ...
Fairlie, Henry. The Parties: Republicans and Democrats in This Century. New York: The New Republic Magazine, 1978.
In the late1960’s American politics were shifting at a National level with liberalism being less supported as its politics were perceived as flawed, both by people on the left who thought that liberalism was not as effective as more radical political enterprises and by conservatives who believed that liberal politics were ostensibly crippling the American economy.
During the late 19th and early 20th century both the Populist Party and Progressive movement wanted to preserve some things, while also addressing the need for reform. Although many of the ideas and goals of these “Third parties” were initially not legislated and considered far-fetched, many of these ideas later became fundamental laws throughout American history.
“Republican Party Platforms, Then and Now.” The New York Times. The New York Times Company, 28 Aug. 2012. Web. 18 Mar. 2014.
The terrible economy under President Carter’s was a large factor to ascendancy of the conservative movement. The economy was far from fruitful and it was in a terrible recession. Many historians credit the economic crisis during the Carter Administration to inflation. Half of all of the economy’s inflation since 1940 occurred in a ten year period and interest rates were rapidly rising putting mortgages out of reach for many middle class Americans. While the interest rates were on the rise, home rental rates in many parts of the country doubled. In addition to the rising costs in living, college tuition...
In this essay, I posit that despite the harsh clashes between liberalism and republicanism, both elements play important roles in American politics, and their marriage has given birth to a unique America. I will begin by giving brief explanations about liberalism and republicanism, before showing how their dynamic interaction has given rise to American exceptionalism. It is also important to note that the slight emphasis on liberalism more than republicanism that is also evident in the US Constitution.
Minority”. This may be Lakoff’s own attempt at speaking to our unconscious conscience, repetitively associating Trump with these negative terms. Simultaneously, a nuanced approach is applied to ridicule groups supporting similar “strict father” policies. An implicit association can be drawn from Laissez-Faire free marketeers wanting to “eliminate public schools”, and the white working class seeing itself as “superior to non-whites”. Conservatives are further associated with being selfish; Lakoff asserts how they view responsibility as an individual matter, disregarding their responsibility to the larger society they live in. The illustration of strict conservatives ruling with a “moral hierarchy” seems to conflict American principles of freedom and equality. On the contrary, progressive values are associated with “empathy”, “care”, and “nurture”. Following Ernest J. Wrage’s concept, Lakoff did not criticise Trump alone, but also the larger set of strict conservative values that Trump represents. (Wrage,
When we look at the ways the New Deal compared to Populism and Progressivism, we must look at the three individually. We will also look at how the New Deal was effective and the most important legacies that spawned from it. Whether you agree with the New Deal, Populism, or the Progressivism movement we have to understand the increase of the poverty population due to the “gross national product declining 10 percent, 100,000 businesses going bankrupt, and nearly 5 million American losing their jobs” (Brinkley, 527).
In the 1950s, the conservatives experienced a schism; Conservatives were divided into “libertarian conservatives” and “new conservatives”. Libertarian conservatives reclaimed the idea of freedom as “individual autonomy, limited government, and unregulated capitalism,” which was favored by businessmen seeking to capitalize on an economy free from government regulation, high taxes, and labor unions (Foner 1004). On the other hand, “new” conservatives opposed “‘big government’ in America, at least so long as it was controlled by liberals who, conservatives believed, tolerated or encouraged immorality”(Foner 1005). New conservatism identified freedom with morality and intellect-the major weapons to combat Communism in the Free World. Many people
Liberalism, formed in the latter part of the 18th Century from opposition to existing political monarchies in Europe, was based on rights of individuals and the responsibility of government to protect those rights. Conservative philosophy was born as a reaction to dangerous tendencies detected within the liberal movement toward excessive governmental control. While conservatives form the base of their beliefs on traditional values, respect for authority, and maintaining custom, liberals fought government tendencies to diminish, ignore, or abuse individual human rights. Both beliefs balanced each other until liberalism shifted its emphasis from protecting individual rights from government to using government as a source for supplying basic life necessities. The modern liberal agenda began as President Johnson's Great Society to wipe out poverty and enhance the quality of life for all Americans.
When it comes to political affiliation, there is always the discussion of conservatives compared to liberals. Currently the U.S. is much divided between those who are liberals and those who are conservatives. Conservatives are described as being disposed to preserve existing conditions, institutions, etc., or to restore traditional ones, and to limit change. Conservatives believe in personal responsibility, limited government, free markets, individual liberty, traditional American values and a strong national defense. Conservative policies generally emphasize empowerment of the individual to solve problems. Conservatives seek to stop the growing entitlement programs, encourage individual responsibility, and look to return constitutionally mandated power to the states. Conservatism sees a nation of people capable of solving their own problems with minimal government help, as long as the people are free. Liberals, on the other hand, are described as being favorable to progress or reform, as in political or religious affairs. Liberals believe in government action to achieve equal opportunity and equality for all. Liberals believe that it is the duty of the government to alleviate social ills and to protect civil liberties and individual and human rights. Liberal policies generally emphasize the need for the government to solve problems. Although there is a clear division between the U.S. in political affiliation, conservatives outnumber the liberals. Saad (2012) concludes that 40% of Americans describe their views as conservative, 21% as liberal, and 35% as moderate. The two groups clearly have different views which may mean that there is a dispositional, genetic, or environmental difference that leads to one of the two attitudes....
Classic conservatism emerged in the midst of the French Revolution. It came about when Chateaubriand gave the name Le Conservateur to a journal he issued in order to resist the spread of new politics, especially democratic ideas. It didn’t take long for the name to be taken up by others, like myself, who oppose the progress of democracy. Conservatism centers on the idea of one centralized monarch as well as church, also the idea that there should be one born with the divine right to lead. Conservatism revolves around tradition and social stability. Conservatives believe in a gradual development as opposed to an immediate change. The obvious enemy of conservatism is liberalism, or “radicals”.