Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
effects of social environment to human behavior
effects of social environment to human behavior
environment influences on human behavior
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: effects of social environment to human behavior
Previously, child-rearing experts believed that all praise enhanced children’s emotional and psychological well being (Brummelman et al., 2014). However, the present study highlights that giving different types of praises can impact the development of a child’s theory of intelligence and how adaptive their responses to challenges are. Hence, the quote by Ginott (1965): “Praise, like penicillin, must not be administered haphazardly.”
Strengths of the current study
Predominantly, experimental research was used to investigate how person and process praise shape children’s theory of intelligence, their subsequent motivation and achievement. In such research, a stranger administered different types of praise, and causality could be established.
…show more content…
First, since the sample consists of children from 8 to 12 years old, different concepts of ability as a function of age may influence how process praise is interpreted. Children above 9 years old tend to perceive ability as inversely related to effort, hence they are likely to interpret references to effort in process praise as indicating a lack of ability. (Nicholls, 1978) Consequently, process praise may instead highlight “deep-seated” influences and the immutability of their scholastic abilities, causing them to avoid challenges they perceive as beyond their ability. Hence, process praise may be more effective for younger children. Second, referencing effort or enjoyment in process praise may be ineffective the child did not truly exert much effort in the task, nor did the child enjoy the …show more content…
G. (1965). Between parent and child. New York, NY: Macmillan.
Mueller, C. M., & Dweck, C. S. (1998). Praise for intelligence can undermine children’s motivation and performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 33–52.
Nicholls, J. G. (1978). The development of concepts of effort and ability, perceptions of academic attainment, and the understanding that difficult tasks require more ability. Child Development, 49, 800–814.
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wolfson, A., Mumme, D., & Guskin, K. (1995). Helplessness in children of depressed and nondepressed mothers. Developmental Psychology, 31, 377–387.
Pomerantz, E.M. & Kempner, S.G. (2013). Mothers' daily person and process praise: implications for children's theory of intelligence and motivation. Developmental Psychology. Advance online publication.
Pomerantz, E, M., Wang, Q.; Ng, F. F. (2005). Mothers' Affect in the Homework Context: The Importance of Staying Positive. Developmental Psychology, 41(2), 414-427.
Stevenson, H., & Lee, S. (1990). Contexts of achievement: A study of American, Chinese, and Japanese children. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 55 (12, Serial No.
What they have done to foster my motivation was the way they would praise me. Like for example in Dweck, Carol S. “Brainology”: Transforming Students’ Motivation to Learn. It claims that praise might tell them that being smart and talent is the most important thing and it’s what makes you valuable. That’s when parents or teacher make mistakes they praise them wrong and all they just do is build up children’s ego. Then when they do something wrong children think they 're less and it plays with their self-esteem. But that was not my case, though, nobody never made it seem to me like being smart and talented where the most important and that’s what made someone valuable. To my mother in other hand I always had the best advice something that she would always tell me while growing up was that being smart and talented was not something you have it’s something you earn by your hard effort and so I
For the nature of a child’s psyche, strength is the assumption. This was basically how Chua classified one of the primary differences of “Chinese mother” parenting from Western styles (52). Most often Chua expressed it through believing her children already could do something and overriding any incli...
...tes how influential the people in a child’s life are in their education. Insufficient praising will distort a child’s view of learning, and he or she may feel “dumb” whenever answering a question incorrectly. In comparison, proper praising will have children understand that a wrong answer is normal during the process of learning. As a future educator, I will take the information I gained from both Dweck and Bayat and apply it to my classroom. My goal will be to have all students have a general comprehension of hard work, and to praise them when they demonstrate their efforts.
Even if a parent reads to his or her child often, the child’s cognitive development is likely to be affected by his or her teacher. If the teacher does not succeed in inspiring the child, then it is likely that the rate of cognitive development will be lower than a child with a successfully inspiring teacher, regardless of parent to child reading rate.
When reading the article “The Perils and Promises of Praise”, I was taken aback by the fact that there was a thing as negative praise. The studies show that just telling someone that they are intelligent is detrimental to future success in challenging situations because of the fear of failure. Encouragement of hard work and effort works more effectively than praising intelligence. I still feel that there is a missing element that was not mentioned in the article. It is secret number three in motivation for success in school. That motivation is the parents of the students. I was told that if I failed my classes, I could expect severe punishment and retribution for my failure, unless I prove I tried my best. Motivation is not just praise; it is the support of those adults in a student’s life that gives reinforcement of positive ideas
I feel like the text that had me thinking about myself would have to be Dweck's Brainology piece because of the way they say we should praise children and how I would normally praise them. Under the How Do Students Learn These Mindset on page 2 of 6 states, "Parents and schools decided that the most important thing for kids to have was self-esteem. If children felt good about themselves, people believed, they would be set for life." This is not true because they would develop a fixed mindset. Many people think that you could just hand self-esteem to children by telling them how smart and talented they are.
After reading Carol Dweck’s article, “The Secret to Raising Smart Kids”, it occurred to me how much a mind-set can be changed from one to the other with a few simple words of encouragement or by discouraging them. To improve a kid’s willingness to learn we should be praising the trials and error they are making. Help them by explaining what they did wrong and figure out what it is that needs more attention. “Many people assume that superior intelligence or ability is a key to success.” However, according to some research in the past few years, shows that too much of praise of “talent” or “complete intellect” leads to unmotivated learners because of fear of failing.
Sanford M. Dornbusch, Philip L. Ritter, P. Herbert Leiderman, Donald F. Roberts and Michael J. Fraleigh Child Development, Vol. 58, No. 5, Special Issue on Schools and Development (Oct., 1987), pp. 1244-1257
Kaplan, P. S., Bachorowski, J., Smoski, M. J., & Hudenko, W. J. (2002). Infants of depressed mothers, although competent learners, fail to learn in response to their own mothers' infant-directed speech. Psychological Science, 13(3), 268-271.
Every parent desires to have a child who will be successful in life. In “Brainology” author, Carol Dweck explains that there are consequences for praising children for their work. Dweck also explains that there are different types of mindsets that enable an individual’s development. She claims that there are two types of mindsets that people have. In a growth mindset, people believe that their most basic abilities can be developed through dedication and hard work ( Dweck 1). Furthermore growth mindset individuals love learning and are resilience that is essential for great accomplishment. (Dweck 1). One more theory, Dweck mentioned was fixed mindset. The author states “In a fixed mindset, people believe their basic qualities, like their intelligence
Parents these days seem to over praise their children, seeing that it is their job to building self-esteem. Thus, either influencing a positive or negative impact onto the child. And whatever effect it causes, it defines a child’s self-esteem when he/she is growing up and later
...her smile and praise. Maslow stated that the positive attention such as smile and compliments can help the child to raise the child’s self-esteem. Children in preschool age want recognition and rewards. They look for ways to fill the need for positive attention and self-respect. This includes feelings of confidence, competence, achievement, mastery, independence and freedom. A child from this type of environment will have no difficulty in becoming self-actualized. Self-actualization is the highest level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Preschool age children are just starting to grasp the "self-concept". They are getting a feeling of who they are and their abilities. However, their concept of self is not often accurate. Children this age usually over estimate their capabilities. IL might have felt belongingness and also self-esteem through this social interaction.
The child may feel the need to perform and excel in every area of their life in order to get recognition. Not only does the child then appreciate recognition when a goal or accomplishment is achieved, but sometimes they feel the need to control the outcome of their accomplishment by continuously seeking new ways to earn recognition. Continuous extrinsic motivations such as these may result in the child feeling that by enhancing their performance and getting recognition from their actions and accomplishments they can control what people think of them. In simplest terms, the danger of becoming a people pleaser is put into play. While an authoritative parent monitors and would most likely intervene to change this developing belief system, unfortunately, a non-authoritative parent may not be the first to take this initiative in their child’s life. This parenting style typically leads to behaviors in the child where they may perform well in school to please their teachers, however they may also feel anxious, withdrawn, and have a general unhappiness. They most likely will have trouble dealing with the frustrations in life, will generally follow traditional roles of social expectations, and will enter into adulthood with a general lack of the warmth, unconditional love and nurturance that children require as they
Marano, Hara E (2004). The Pressure from Parents. Psychology Today. Reviewed on January 24, 2007.
That question had me curious, which lead me to these questions: Is there a right or wrong way to praise? Does the way you praise a child make a difference? One of my personal goals as a third grade teacher is to help each one of the children leave my classroom knowing that they are special in their own unique way and that they have the power to conquer whatever obstacles the world throws at them. With that in mind, I use praise on a daily basis. I thought that what I was saying was helping the children, not just trying to control them. I thought the children needed to hear that from me. According to Alfie Kohn (2001) when you praise a child with “good job” you are telling the child how to feel not allowing them to make the decision for themselves. They become more reliant on you versus them internally making the decision for themselves. Think ...