Methods
This study investigated motherhood from substance addicted mothers’own perspective. The survey was conducted at an inpatient ward at a substance abuse clinic in Norway. To gain new insight about the participant`s life-world, a qualitative methodology is the best approach (Kvale, 2002). Data were collected using individual semi-structured in-depth interviews, in order to produce thick descriptions. A thick description is one that explains a human behavior in its context, so that the behavior becomes meaningful, also from an outsiders’ point of view.
The interviews were divided into three main sections, consisting of descriptions of everyday life here and now with small children, growing up in a family with substance abuse problems, and their thoughts on how to create a substance-free life for themselves and their children in the future. First the conversation concentrated around everyday life with children using a lifestyle interview (Review the everyday procedures chronological and detailed. A typical day, as yesterday, for example). We then went on to talk about their childhood. How was their everyday life? The mothers were asked to try to recall difficult situations associated with substance abusing caregivers, and how they felt during the experience. Equivalent questions were asked concerning good memories. How did they believe that they experienced the situation as a child, and why? Eventually the interviews focused on plans for the future, after their stay at the clinic. What were they going to do to prevent their children from experiencing similar difficulties as the ones the mothers had recollected during the interview? Finally, the women were asked to point out a significant other who could give them and their ch...
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... kvalitative forskningsintervju. Oslo: Gyldendal.
Lauritzen, G. & Waal, H. (2003). Sammenheng mellom rusmiddelbruk og psykisk helse i et generasjonsperspektiv, I K. Killen & M. Olofsson (red.): Det sårbare barnet. Barn, foreldre og rusmiddelproblemer. Oslo: Kommuneforlaget
Lauritzen, G., Ravndal, E. & Larsson, J. (2012). Gjennom 10 år. En oppfølgingsstudie av narkotikabrukere i behandling. SIRUS-rapport nr. 6/2012, Oslo, Statens institutt for rusmiddelforskning.
Scheldrup-Mathiesen, K. (2007). Resiliente utviklingsforløp og sosial kompetanse, to sider av samme sak? I A.I.H. Borge (red.): Resiliens i praksis. Oslo, Gyldendal Norsk forlag
Van IJzendoorn, M.H. (1995). Adult attachment representations, parental responsiveness, and infant attachment: a meta-analysis on the predictive validity of the Adult Attachment Interview. Psychological Bulletin. May 117(3): 387-403.
(2.) Nic Sheff is a chronic slipper when it comes to staying sober. He has gone in and out of rehabs faster than you would think possible. Finding excuses to use drugs again and eventually hit rock bottom seem to be his only skills in life. After what seemed to be an infinite struggle with himself, Nic finally pulls through and stays sober. His book shows these hardships and how he deals with them on the road to recovery. Some of his decisions are well thought-out, and others, not so much. He keeps the story alive by believing in a higher power, his passion for living and his love of others. While sober, he continues to be painfully aware of how much he has hurt others by using, especially his mom. "Sometimes I think she would just prefer it if I was gone completely, so she wouldn't have to deal with me and so her children would be safe. It hurts my feelings, but I don't blame her. I know what I've done." (197, Sheff) Nic's parents feel like they can't trust him after all the lying, cheating and stealing he has done while under the influence of drugs. I wouldn't either, but they find it somewhere in their hearts to forgive him and cautiously let him into their lives in the end. Honestly, I cannot relate to much of this at all. I have never used drugs, been kicked out of my parent's house or prostituted to make money to buy even more drugs. Nic had a terrible childhood filled with screaming fights between his (now-divorced) parents and nights left alone while mine was just fine. He has a bipolar disorder and severe depression while I do not. The amount of differences are uncountable.
Underage drinking is a critical issue which can lead to severe consequences. These consequences have the potential to haunt someone throughout his or her life and lead to an unfortunate outcome for everyone involved. It is not uncommon that those in stressful circumstances turn to drinking as a therapeutic solution to their problems. Although many may think alcohol is a remedy to the everyday stressors of life, the results of actions taken while under the influence can be detrimental. In Brenda’s life, these everyday stressors include the relationship with her mother and the movement of her family to Westport, New York. In Vivian Vande Velde’s “Drop by Drop,” the adversity within Brenda’s family dynamic contributes
(Early infant attachment is an important phenomena to study as it is connected to later child development). Early infant attachment is linked to cognitive, social, and emotional development (Pallini, Baiocco, Schneider, Madigan, & Atkinson, 2014). These three developmental aspects are significant in one’s later mental process capabilities, the relationships formed later in life, as well as their psychological stability. The attachments formed with caregivers in infancy are vital. Bowlby stated, “It is our first relationship, usually with our mother, that much of our future well-being is determined” (O’Gorman, 2012). It’s crucial for a child’s development to look at parenting styles and early infant attachment classifications which are made to caregivers. Most research focuses around mother-infant attachment making little known about the relationships made with fathers.
Dagens næringsliv. (2013), April 24th. Voss vann med kjempeunderskudd, date accessed: April 18th 2014 [Online],
When parents and children deal with these types of environments, the parents are often struggling with the issues of drugs and violence, either around them or personally, which leads to the parent being absent ...
Infant attachment is the first relationship a child experiences and is crucial to the child’s survival (BOOK). A mother’s response to her child will yield either a secure bond or insecurity with the infant. Parents who respond “more sensitively and responsively to the child’s distress” establish a secure bond faster than “parents of insecure children”. (Attachment and Emotion, page 475) The quality of the attachment has “profound implications for the child’s feelings of security and capacity to form trusting relationships” (Book). Simply stated, a positive early attachment will likely yield positive physical, socio-emotional, and cognitive development for the child. (BOOK)
Tony Ryan and Rodger Walker, ‘Why do life story work?’ K101 An introduction to health and social care, Resources 6, Milton Keynes, The Open University
The unstructured interview approach, is an excellent way of creating multiple realities by giving the control of the interview over to the participants being interviewed and inviting them to tell their stories peaked by only an open-ended question. This method requires an environment in which the participants readily open up (Hill, 2001). To the credit of the current study, the interviewees did provide detailed accounts when interviewed. Additionally, as the stories are elicited by the participants own volition, they can cover a broad range of topics allows for unplanned comments and topics to come up that may have otherwise been left untouched in a more structured methodology (Kvale, 1983). However, because the responses are so gloriously open ended they are difficult to compare across different cases, and large amounts of irrelevant data must be sifted through in a time consuming manner. The benefit of qualitative phenomenological research is that while most scientific methods focus on what can be physically observed and quantitatively measured, this leaves a gapping hole in our ability to evaluate the human condition as most of what we do is determined by unseen forces in our psyches (Kvale, 1983). Therefore, open-ended phenomenology allows researchers to break the restrictive mold and attempt to discover insights into lived experience that would normally remain invisible to more traditional scientific study (Dale,
Another contribution of Main to the attachment literature is a structured interview for adults about the relations with their parents...
D.J. (2014, January 16)."Butel" Slab e interesot za otkupuvanje na grobnite mesta. Telegraf.mk. Retrieved March 14, 2014, from http://www.telegraf.mk/aktuelno/91612-butel-slab-e-interesot-za-otkupuvanje-na-grobnite-mesta
Motherhood in this developed nation has many of its downfalls, but many of which are due to the psychological repression and disempowerment of these women’s rights and personal needs. To begin, we must delve into the two concepts that are often reinforced in motherhood-- that being the new-momism and motherhood as an institution.
The first topic that came up in the interview relates to idea of attachment theory. Attachment theory explains the human’s way of relating to a caregiver and receives an attachment figures relating to the parent, and children. In addition, the concept explains the confidence and ability for a child to free explore their environment with a place to seek support, protection, and comfort in times of distress (Levy, Ellison, Scott, and Bernecker, 2010, p. 193). Within attachment theory explains different types of attachment styles that children experience during early childhood. These attachment styles affect the relationships they continue to build in adulthood. The best attachment style happens when the parent is attuned to the child during his or her early childhood called secure attachment (Reyes, 2010, p. 174). In order for complete secure attachment, the child needs to feel safe, seen, and soothed. Any relationship that deviates from this model represents the anxious or insecure attachment. This means that parents or caregivers are inconsistently responsive to the children. Children who have these parents are usually confused and insecure. Some children experience a dismissive attachment where they
The attachment style that a child endures with their mother initially begins before the child is even born. In the mother’s womb, the infant becomes aware of their mother and father’s voices, where they begin to develop a bond with them and feel nurtured and comforted by the things they hear their parents sing and speak to them. According to Bowlby, the development of attachment takes place in four different phases and are reinforced as they grow older from the Preattachment (birth to age 6 weeks), attachment-in-the-making (age 6 weeks to 8 months), clear cut attachment (between 8 months to 1 ½ years of age) and the reciprocal relationship (from 1 ½ or 2 and on). As the child grows older, then begin to understand their parent’s feelings and motives and are able to organize their efforts and reciprocate the same i...
Office on Child Abuse and Neglect, Children's Bureau., ICF International. Protecting Children in Families Affected by Substance Use Disorders. 2009. 8 November 2013. .
What is admired about this article is that it show the numbers of many different people that is effect by this form of substance abuse. The numbers are telling how they are being effected or how they are effecting others and even how they winded up with this situation in the first place. The article is a design experiment but also give a variety of