Two of the most important events in European History are the unifications of Italy and Germany. Both were unified around the same time, and in ways that were both similar and different. The leaders of the two countries were the reason they were unified differently. Count Camillo Benso di Cavour, with the help of Guiseppe Garibaldi, brought about the unification of Italy. Otto von Bismarck is credited with finally uniting Germany. Cavour of Italy and Bismarck of Germany used more similar methods than different methods to unify their countries. These methods included different military tactics, their common use of nationalism as a manipulation tool, and their similar diplomacy in political situations.
One difference between Cavour and Bismarck was their military strategies. Both leaders used their countries’ military power to their advantage. However, they used it in different ways. Bismarck built up the army that already existed in Germany substantially. He improved upon what he was given until he had a suitably powerful army to control. Bismarck believed in a very militaristic government being the best kind of government. This meant that Germany was very military centered under his control. Bismarck’s militaristic views and government must have worked though, because he did achieve his final goal: to unify Germany. On the other hand, Cavour used other countries’ armies instead of his own to accomplish his goal. He provoked Austria until they attacked Sardinia, and Napoleon III came briefly to the aid of Sardinia. However, Napoleon soon abandoned them in fear of retaliation from French Catholics. Cavour was a very manipulative man, but it did him well in the end. Another time he avoided using his own army was when he tricked Ga...
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...helped him when he goaded Austria into attacking Sardinia. He also used Garibaldi’s Red Shirts to gain territory without using his own military. Bismarck made alliances with countries for wars to help unify his country also. After Prussia and Austria joined forces to defeat Denmark, he convinced that Austria must be eliminated from German affairs. After provoking a war between the two, the Austro-Prussian War, he offered Austria generous peace terms and successfully rid himself of Austria interfering with him. Bismarck may not have directly betrayed anyone, but he definitely manipulated many people skillfully. Cavour provoked many wars to obtain what he wanted, including the one between Sardinia and Austria. Cavour’s brilliant strategies were the reason he succeeded in his mission. Both Cavour and Bismarck used brilliant diplomatic tactics to unify their countries.
In document 3, it states “Nationalism has become general; it grows daily; and it has already grown strong enough to keep all the part of Italy united despite the differences that distinguish them.” This is saying that even though in the different regions of Italy have differences they still come together as one. Nationalism is important to countries because it is the people taking pride for their country. An Italian nationalist led the rebellions then the state piedmont declared war against Austraila. Camillo di Cavour was one of the most important leaders of the Italian unification movement, he helped Italy become one nation. In document 4 it is saying that Germany was united by a common language and a common way of thinking. Germany’s revolution was inspired by the French revolution when they were trying to change their
Under the reign of Otto von Bismarck, the national liberals and German unification really took to another level. After gaining the Chancellorship in 1862, Bismarck began improving Prussia's diplomatic position to ensure Prussia's dominance over Austria. In 1863, when Russia experienced a revolt in its Polish territory, Bismarck and Prussia supported Russia in its violent suppression of the rebellion. This endeared Prussia to Russia, who was traditionally an ally of Prussia's German rival, Austria. This example shows that Bismarck was able to read situations and be pragmatic to differing circumstances – therefore he has often been referred to using realpolitik tactics. This meaning that he understood situations; Bismarck himself knew this and
However, with the designation of Wilhelm II as the new Kaiser, Bismarck’s ways and goals weren’t longer taken into account and was dismissed in 1890. The new Kaiser had different objectives; he was ambitious and wanted to improve the notability of Germany by expanding the empire. This expansion involved more colonies from where they would be able to import cheaply raw materials and labour supply. The whole new tendency whose sole purpose was to expand was named Weltpolitik. This Imperialism was one of the many causes of WW...
Adolph Hitler once said, “Whoever lights the torch of war in Europe can wish for nothing but chaos.” Many of Hitler’s generals realized the truth of that statement. Multiple times they attempted to keep him from wreaking havoc on the German way of life. Their repeated warnings went unheard, resulting in Germany’s downfall. The German war effort was vastly influenced by the Anti-Nazi tendencies of Hitler’s senior officers.
Throughout history, Europe stood out as a great power, and is responsible for the majority of the greatest revolutions in history. Despite the countless changes that were planned, and had succeeded or failed, they each had a similar motivator behind them. Europe began to thrive from the 15th century onwards, and motivations become clear as change is sought. Over the course of European history, changes were resisted when financial growth would be threatened, evident during the French Revolution and in both sides of Revolutionary era of the United States.
...d they facilitated final result. The Army failed responsibility of the government, 1933 Tasset Support convinced Hindenburg to have Hitler as Chancellor. The German Bureaucracy never supported the system. Stresemann created National Myths about different areas of the government, such as showing that the Prussian king was communist through his fake documents. The Treaty of Versailles Peace terms did not match the outcome of the war because the Allies handled the peace settlement badly and Germany never disarmed. Hitler was a master demagogue received support from all segments of the population, but mainly middle class protestant. Hitler had the doors to power open for him without their assistance they could have not come into power.
The Unification of Germany occurred under the leadership of Otto Von Bismarck, and William I, Nationalism was prominent in Germany and Prussia was the dominant war, Otto Von Bismarck united the German Empire together to defeat Napoleon, and with the Austro-Prussian war, Prussia became the dominant German force, having the strongest military, William I and Otto Von Bismarck ruled
The Italian Unification was a big impact on Nationalism, which was led by Benso di Cavour, which supplied most of the ideology for the movement. Benso di Cavour was also the Prince of Piedmont-Sardinia and severed as King Victor Emmanuel II. Cavour built the strength of Piedmont-Sardinia by making a strong army, an environment that was healthy, and political freedom. Cavour was all for freedom of speech, gaining Napoleon III support by promising him Sa...
After World War I, there were two men that rose up to control their government in their countries. One was Adolf Hitler who was put in charge of the German government, and the other was Benito Mussolini who was put in charge of the Italian government. Adolf Hitler was born in 1889, and according to the lecture was known as a failure for not finishing high school, or becoming an accomplished artist. While Mussolini was born in 1883, and was unknown until he came home a wounded soldier from the war. Mussolini would rise up and form the Fascist government focusing on being loyal to the state, and Hitler will rise up and control the Socialist German Workers Party, the Nazis. Both men are known for the change in history, and their change on the
In 1914, Europe was diving into two separate powers. One was Triple Entente composed of France, Russia and Britain. Other one was Triple Alliance, consists of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. (Pope 2) Each of the countries was connected with different treaties. The caused of European countries’ unstable political situation and threat of war was present. By arranging alliances with other governments, most countries found ways to protect themselves from assault. While Germany was becoming the center of the struggle, Europe made a spider web of tangled alliance that led most countries into two opposing powers. (Hamilton 16) In the late nineteenth century, the most surprising event in Europe was the birth of united state of Germany. Under the leadership of the Chancellor of Germany, Otto von Bismarck, system of alliances was established to achieve peace in Europe. By 1890, Bismarck succeeded in having every major power into his alliance system...
Turning points in history can mean a change in the way the things are done in the past, sometimes for the better, and other times for the worse. Two notable turning points in history were the Industrial Revolution and also World War I. These both had some political, social and cultural impacts.
In 1871 two new major states of Europe had been formed—the German Empire and the kingdom of Italy. The new German Empire, under the hand of Otto von Bismarck, was steered carefully, always with an eye upon France, for the Franco-Prussian War (1870–71) had left France thirsting for revenge and for recovery of the lost provinces of Alsace and Lorraine. 2
From the 1790s to 1814 French troops successively conquered and occupied the area that later constituted the German Empire. French domination helped to modernize and consolidate Germany and -- toward the end -- sparked the first upsurge of German nationalism. In different ways the French emperor Napoleon I helped German unification. It was important that he encouraged many of the middle-sized German states to absorb huge numbers of small independent territories, mostly bishoprics, church lands, and local principalities.
re-united to become what was known in the early twentieth century as simply, The German Empire, united under the rule of the German Emperor, or Kaiser. There are many factors which led to the unification of the German states; liberalism, nationalism, Otto Von Bismarck, fear of ‘another Napoleon’, the Prussian King William I, and the three wars Prussia fought.
Even in recent times the action of war has been useful in condensing scattered elements of nationality, and in liberating subject populations. United Italy was formed directly or indirectly by the war of 1859, 1866, and 187O. The last war realised the dreams of German poets, and united the Teutonic nations more closely than the shrewdest statesmen could have conceived to be possible a few years ago. That same war, so calamitous for France, will yet regenerate that great country, and make her more prosperous than she has ever been. Th...