The most common types of systems access controls
Access control requires unique user identification, emergency access procedure, automatic log-off, and encryption and decryption of data. In order to maintain confidentiality, integrity and availability of data, it is important to control access to the information system. Controls prevent unauthorized users from accessing the system and/or altering data. They also prevent authorized users from making unauthorized changes to data. Some common examples are User-based, Role-based and Context-based access control with the strongest security on Context-based access control.
Controls placed on access are categorized in three ways: preventive, detective, or corrective. The key to access controls is declaring who you are when before entering a system and having the system verify that you are allowed access. This is known as identification and authentication. There are different ways to authenticate users like: PIN, password, phrase, pass code, ATM, token, smart card, fingerprint, retina, etc.
The steps of access controls are: work by identifying and authenticating a user in the system, then authorizing them the user to use or see access an application or data, and finally accounting for what they are doing.
Three symptoms/indications of inadequate systems security protection.
• Inadequate policies, procedures, and culture governing control system security.
Security begins with a culture and mindset of all those involved. “There is a tendency to think of security in terms of a technical solution: firewalls, passwords, etc. “While those elements may cover 20% of the overall solution, common sense approaches to security implemented by plant personnel should make up the remaining 80...
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...hardware, software, etc.) to develop appropriate security architecture. Information security models are used to organize and formalize security policies by providing a concept and framework. There are three main types of security models:
• Access control: This model, common in healthcare, allows organizations to identify users and may classify data to allow or restrict access.
• Integrity: This type of model not only protects confidentiality, but also works to protect the integrity of data. An integrity model prevents information from being modified by unauthorized users and prevents authorized users from making unauthorized changes.
• Information flow: In this model, information is classified and flows in a specified manner based on security policies and rules.
Works Cited
http://www.nist.gov
http://www.himss.org/ASP/index.asp
http://library.ahima.org
Every piece of information must be traceable back to the data input that produced it. The main action of audit trail is captures a sources of all data items at the time of getting entrance into the system. The other constituent of input control and security involves data security rules and measures to protect data from being or lost or damaged. The records retention policy is the practice of storing documents in a safe location and making sure to see to legal requirements or business needs. Input security and control also involves the process of encrypting or encryption of data so only users with the code it software can read
Security architecture is a major component and part of a system’s architecture and is usually designed to provide important guidance during the development of the system. It usually outlines the assurance level required and in the process outlines the possible impacts that this level of security might have on the development process of the actual system. Since security is a major component for the success of any given business unit, it is necessary to have a fully functional and operative security system that meets all the necessary requirements for any organization. Some leading business firms are usually faced with the task of achieving and maintaining high security measures and methods. SecureTek one of the leading provider of security solutions is faced with the challenge of redesigning their security architecture to assure security to the data and the other firm’s valuable assets as well as ensuring security to their customers and employees who encounter risky situations when visiting this business unit.
Security helps the organization meet its business objectives or mission by protecting its physical and financial resources, reputation, legal position, employees, and other tangible and intangible assets through the selection and application of appropriate safeguards. Businesses should establish roles and responsibilities of all personnel and staff members. However, a Chief Information Officer should be appointed to direct an organization’s day to day management of information assets. Supporting roles are performed by the service providers and include systems operations, whose personnel design and operate the computer systems. Each team member must be held accountable in ensuring all of the rules and policies are being followed, as well as, understanding their roles, responsibilities and functions. Organizations information processing systems are vulnerable to many threats that can inflict various types of damage that can result in significant losses (Harris, 2014). Losses can come from actions from trusted employees that defraud the system, outside hackers, or from careless data entry. The major threat to information protection is error and omissions that data entry personnel, users, system operators and programmers make. To better protect business information resources, organizations should conduct a risk analysis to see what
First I will be going over what is access control and the various models. Access control is the management of admission to resources. It grants authenticated users clearance to specific resources based on the restrictions of the access control model. Access control primarily consist of the authentication of whom ever is trying to gain access to the resources, which confirms the identity of the user trying to log in. There are 4 models of access control: Mandatory Access Control, Role Based Access Control, Discretionary Access Control, and Rule Based Access Control. Let’s look at each of these models and see what they entail.
In this article, the author discusses the benefits of employing Role Based Access Control (RBAC) as an Access Control. Galante makes many valid points and has demonstrated how using RBAC has many benefits to an organization. A few cases differentiate RBAC and the simple access control model. Although the author suggest RBAC as an optimal solution; RBAC certainly isn 't a cure all, however, it is ideal for a variety of circumstances. When RBAC is deployed properly and in the ideal situation, it can compensate the organization with financial, security and responsibility benefits.
Whitman, M., & Mattord, H. (2010). Management of information security. (3rd ed., p. 6). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
Principle of Security Management by Brian R. Johnson, Published by Prentice-Hall copyright 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Centralized account management: Large ICS organizations require central authentication systems since managing each system is not possible. These organizations should enforce the below
There are number of different models proposed as framework for information security but one of the best model is McCumber model which was designed by John McCumber. In this model the elements to be studied are organized in a cube structure, in which each axis indicates a dissimilar viewpoint of some information security issue and there are three major modules in each axis. This model with 27 little cubes all organized together looks similar like a Rubik's cube. There are three axes in the cube they are: goals desired, Information states, and measures to be taken. At the intersection of three axes you can research on all angles of an information security problem.
Nicholls and Stewart Ltd Handbook, requires appropriate administrative, physical and technical controls be incorporated into all new applications and modified applications. Security Application Systems must have security in place that encompasses not only the software, but the routine activities that enables the computer system to function correctly. These include fixing software or hardware problems, loading and maintaining software, updates to hardware and software and maintaining a historical record of application changes.
Implement physical security: - “Physical security protects people, data, equipment, systems, facilities and company assets” (Harris,
Nowadays, the information is the most treasured asset in an organization, due to it along with the experience represents the input necessary to take appropriate decisions and consequently to have success in the business. Almost all the information and knowledge related with the processes business, goods and services offered by a company, is processed, managed and stored through technology and information systems, thus the security of information has become increasingly important and plays a critical role in the enterprise government.
Privacy exist wherever personal information or other sensitive information is collected, stored, used, and finally destroyed or deleted – in digital form or otherwise. The challenge of data privacy is to use data while safe-guarding individual's privacy preferences and their personally identifiable information. The fields of computer security, data security, and information security design and utilize software, hardware, and human resources to address this issue.
Physical security cannot be wholly successful without the human factor element and the active support of these user groups. For example, when the aim is to protect a critical facility from attack or to provide access control for an office building it is necessary to engage people on the proper use of any security systems that are in place, for instance security alarms. If the alarm goes off and employees have no idea what it signifies