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Pathophysiology of diabetes essay
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In 2013 the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) reported that 382 million people suffer from diabetes worldwide and it is expected to rise by 55% in 2035. Although diabetes is most prevalent in industrialized countries such as the United States of America and China, mortality related to diabetes is higher in low-income countries such as India and Egypt (International Diabetes Association, 2013). Through the analysis of a case study, the pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnostics, medications, and nursing implications of diabetes will be examined and explained. The patient, a black 52-year-old female, presented herself to the clinic complaining of weakness in her right foot and pruritus originating from a rash in the inguinal area. The patient admitted that she had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus six years prior but did not follow up with any recommendations due to being asymptomatic until her current complaint (Brashers, 2006) Upon further assessment the patient related that the weakness in her right foot has been symptomatic for approximately one month, characterized by numbness and difficulty in dorsiflexion. Furthermore her rash in the inguinal area occasionally appears in the axillae and progress to boils, this has occurred sporadically for many years and she receives some relief from salt baths. The patient reported other significant symptoms including eye fatigue in the evening, polydipsia and polyuria during the night. The patient has a family history of type 2 diabetes and a sedentary lifestyle. Finally, the patient admits her diet is poor, consisting of fats and sugars and that she has gained approximately 8 kilograms in the past year (Brashers, 2006). During the physical exam important objective data wa... ... middle of paper ... ... Journal of Diabetes, 37, S8–S11. doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2013.01.011 Government of Canada, S. C. (2013, June 17). Diabetes, by age group and sex (Number of persons). Retrieved February 8, 2014, from http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/health53a-eng.htm Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2012). Understanding pathophysiology (5th ed.). St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier. International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 6th edn. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation, 2013. http://www.idf.org/diabetesatlas Lewis, S., Dirksen, S., Heitkemper, M., Bucher, L., & Camera, I. M. (2014). Medical-Surgical Nursing in Canada (Third Canadian Edition.). Toronto Canada: Elsevier. McFarlane, P., Gilbert, R. E., MacCallum, L., & Senior, P. (2013). Chronic Kidney Disease in Diabetes. Canadian Journal of Diabetes, 37, S129–S136. doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2013.01.037