Some selected physical characteristics of the banana such as mass, true volume, bulk density, true density, geometric mean diameter, surface area etc and their statistics such as mean, standard deviation (SD) and standard error (SE) were presented in Tab. 1. These two statistics measure the consistency of the data.
Table 1 Physical properties of banana var. Grand Nain
S.No Physical properties Mean SD Min Max SE CV,%
1 Mass (M), g 139.65 7.66 126.05 154.29 1.47 5.48
2 True volume (V), cm3 136.33 9.86 118.00 157.00 1.90 7.24
3 Ellipsoidal volume (Vell) , cm3 117.92 9.09 98.15 131.33 1.75 7.70
4 Ellipsoidal ratio 1.08 0.02 1.05 1.12 0.00 2.14
5 Fruit density (TD), g/cm3 1.03 0.03 0.98 1.11 0.01 3.20
6 Bulk density (BD), g/cm3 0.41 0.03 0.35 0.46 0.01 6.54
7 Length (L), cm 16.99 0.71 15.45 18.20 0.14 4.20
8 Width (W), cm 3.78 0.08 3.61 3.91 0.02 2.21
9 Thickness (T), cm 3.50 0.10 3.31 3.68 0.02 2.81
10 Mean diameter, cm 3.56 0.18 3.25 4.04 0.03 5.07
11 Geometrical mean diameter (Dg), cm 6.08 0.16 5.72 6.31 0.03 2.63
12 Arithmetic mean diameter (Da), cm 8.09 0.28 7.48 8.54 0.05 3.40
13 Surface area by graph (Sg) , cm2 115.84 9.31 99.17 133.28 1.79 8.04
14 Surface area by Jean & Ball, cm2 108.77 6.06 95.25 118.16 1.17 5.58
15 Surface area by McCabe, cm2 116.20 6.04 102.88 124.93 1.16 5.20
SD-Standard Deviation, Min-Minimum, Max-Maximum, SE-Standard Error, CV-Coefficient of variance
Standard deviation measures the degree to which the value of the individual sample differ from the sample mean. More number of replication decreases the standard deviation value. From the table 1, it is observed that standard deviation is ranging from 0.02 to 9.86 and found that the data are consistence within the replicates. Standard error estimated th...
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...rnational agrophysics, 16 (4),301-306.
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I don’t think that calculating average, in this case, is all that common? I cannot find average types of fruit. I cannot apply numerical techniques to the qualitative data. We say that it is a factor because the values of variables have qualitative values. Factors are describing the type of fruits and are represented by words and letters (Yakir, 2011). Therefore, the colors would be coded as factors.
Citrus fruit are not just used for fresh fruit and juice. It has many other uses. One is in jellies and in other preserves. Preserves include marmalades and crystallized fruits. A by-product of citrus production is ...
Conclusions: There is a pattern on the graph, and data table, which shows that as the concentration of the sucrose solution increases, the potato's percentage change in mass decreases.
Collected data were subjected to analysis of variance using the SAS (9.1, SAS institute, 2004) statistical software package. Statistical assessments of differences between mean values were performed by the LSD test at P = 0.05.
Investigating the Effect of Sugar Solution on the Weight and Size of Potato Cells Aim: To investigate whether the different concentration of sugar solution will affect the weight and size of the potato cells. General background information: Osmosis is defined as the movement of water or any other solution's molecules from an area in which they are highly concentrated to a region in which they are less concentrated. This movement must take place across a partially permeable membrane such as a cell wall, which lets smaller molecules (E.g. water) through but does not allow larger solute molecules to pass through. The molecules will continue to diffuse until the area in which the molecules are found to reach a state of equilibrium, meaning that the molecules are equally distributed throughout the cell, with no area having a higher or lower concentration than any other hence equal. Hypothesis/prediction: For this particular investigation I believe that the lower the concentration of the sugar solution in the test tube the mass of the potato will be greater and the longer the potato cells will be.
Tomato fruit quality for the fresh market has been improved for over 30 years (Causse et al., 2001). Fruit quality was divided in to two parts, internal quality, and external quality (Mata, 2000). Mata (2000) also indicated that a wide range of tomato currently available in the market were of high yield and extraordinary external quality. Tomato fruit contribute to nutrition worldwide, and contain diverse antioxidant molecules (Sacco et al., 2013). Fruit quality of tomato is very important attribute for the cultivated tomato. That good quality may contribute to a reduction in the risk of certain type of cancer and cardiovascular diseases (Causse et al., 2003).
Osmosis in Potato Tubes Osmosis: Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane from a high concentration to a low concentration. Diagram: [IMAGE] [IMAGE] Aim: To see the effects of different concentration of sugar solution on Osmosis in potato tubes. Key factor: In the investigation we change the sugar solution from: 0%-10%-20%-30%-40%-50% this is the independent variable; the dependant variable is the change in mass. Prediction: I predict that all the potato tubes in pure water or low concentration sugar solution will swell because water enters their cells by osmosis.
The Effect of Water Concentration on the Mass of Potato Tissue Aim: The aim of this investigation is to discover the effect of water concentration on the mass of potato tissue, and also to investigate the movement of osmosis through potato tissue. Scientific Knowledge: When a substance such as a sugar dissolves in water, the sugar molecules attract some of the water molecules and stop them moving freely. This, in effect, reduces the concentration of water molecules.
2. Cook, A. A. 1975. Diseases of Tropical and Subtropical Fruits and Nuts, Hafner Press,
Improvements in the socio-economic patterns in India, China, Brazil and few other developing countries have opened new channels & opportunities for precision agriculture in these countries (Mondal, P. and Basu, M., 2009)”. India is a land of agriculture with large numbers of crops cultivated and the major pulses like wheat, pulses, rice, cotton, maize within top 10 in the world. However, when you take into consideration the ranking on quality wise it does not reach high. Although crops are being grown in India, The ratio of fertilizers used per area and the nutrition needs of the plants are not met. It is almost 3-5 times lesser to what is used in developed countries. With PA, you can achieve this needs of the plants, but studying the crop, soil and terrains. With the recent advancement in ISRO (Indian Satellite Research Organization) launching GPS and the IT revolution has changed the Indian environment making inroads for new scopes in farm sectors. There is also a misinterpretation that these technologies cannot be used in small scale farms. There are few technologies like chlorophyll meter (SPAD) and leaf colour chart (LCC) hand held portable devices to determine the timing of crop and the nutrient content. Government has been supportive in encouraging growers in small community to use GIS systems, and internet to understand the
The freshly squeezed citrus juices of Lemon,lime and orange were analysed through titration over the period of 2 weeks. Initially the lime juice was found to be slightly more acidic than the other juices followed by lemon juice and then orange juice since it is known that usually lime is more acidic than lemon and orange. It was hypothesised that the acidity of each juice will increase or decrease after the period of two weeks depending upon the sugar content of that citrus fruit that the juice is extracted from. The acidity of the juice with the highest sugar level will gradually increase over the period of time since sugar contribute to the the fermentation of the citrus juice to lactic acid. The hypothesis was shown to be correct;however
Investigation into the effect of storage or cooking on the vitamin C content of a food substance:
The Effect of Salt Solution Concentration On The Mass Of Potatoes Introduction = == == == ==
The fruits of citrus plants are known to grow on evergreen trees in subtropical areas worldwide that produce fruits with a variety of colors and shapes. Cross sections of the fruit show several identifiable layers. The outermost skin or rind, which normally exhibits a bright yellow or orange color, is the endocarp or flavedo. The endocarp protects the fruit from damage while secreting essential oils that give the fruit its characteristic odor (UNCTAD 2014). A white, spongy tissue known as the mesocarp (albedo) forms the second layer; it makes up the peel of the fruit and is typically removed before consumption (UNCTAD 2014)....
This lesson is designed to review and reinforce a few important concepts about plants (e.g. Needs, parts, sequence of planting) and to also guide the students through applying a few scientific inquiry (e.g. Making observations, experimentation, discussion, reflection, reporting results etc.). The students have previously planted corn and bean seeds and today’s lesson has provided the students a chance to see the results of the planted corn and bean seeds. Additionally, seeds have been planted under and growing under the following conditions: without water, and without soil. The students see the results of these seeds planted under these conditions for the past week. Two plants in particular have already been grown their growth has been