INTRODUCTION The incidence and epidemiological causes of maxillofacial trauma and facial fractures varies widely between different regions of the world due to social, economical, cultural consequences, awareness of traffic regulations and alcohol consumption. Reports from distinct regions in Turkey also have different etiological findings.[1, 2] According to the reports from developed countries [3-6] assault is the leading cause of facial fractures followed mostly by road traffic accidents, pedestrian collisions, stumbling, sports and industrial accidents. Compulsory seat belt usage and driver-side airbags is believed to be the cause of this sequence.[7] The reduction of drunk drivers also reduces maxillofacial trauma severity[8].But the leading cause is shifted to traffic accidents in underdeveloped or developing areas of the world followed by assaults and other reasons including warfare [9-11]. Fractures of facial skeleton may change according to trauma force, direction, and magnitude and impact duration with multiple bones commonly being affected from trauma because of complex and articulating anatomy of the visceral skull. [12]Coexistence of facial injuries and injuries below the clavicles can evoke a number of clinical problems [13]making emergency management a challenge. This report presents maxillofacial trauma patients presented to our Emergency room between the periods of 2010 and 2012. Our goal is to broaden clinical data of maxillofacial trauma patients for public health measures. It is our credence that broader knowledge of maxillofacial trauma patients’ epidemiological properties and trauma patterns with simultaneous injuries in different areas of the body may help emergency clinicians to deliver more accurate diagnos... ... middle of paper ... ...omplex and zygomatic arch fractures in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2006. 64(1): p. 63-7. 21. Mulligan, R.P. and R.C. Mahabir, The prevalence of cervical spine injury, head injury, or both with isolated and multiple craniomaxillofacial fractures. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2010. 126(5): p. 1647-51. 22. Rajendra, P.B., et al., Characteristics of associated craniofacial trauma in patients with head injuries: An experience with 100 cases. J Emerg Trauma Shock, 2009. 2(2): p. 89-94. 23. Gandhi, S., et al., Pattern of maxillofacial fractures at a tertiary hospital in northern India: a 4-year retrospective study of 718 patients. Dent Traumatol, 2011. 27(4): p. 257-62. 24. Hashemi, H.M. and M. Beshkar, The prevalence of maxillofacial fractures due to domestic violence--a retrospective study in a hospital in Tehran, Iran. Dent Traumatol, 2011. 27(5): p. 385-8.
Note and answer to yourself, the factor that are involved at the incident, the mechanisms and circumstances on the injury, as well as the extent and type of injury. Assessing the situation identify what happened, a number of people involved, as their age, there is a child and or elderly.
The etiology of calcaneal fracture is usually high energy trauma such as fall from a height or motor vehicle crash 1,2.
285) These types of injuries usually come from knives, axes, or other weapons like that. In some instances, a sharp trauma will look like a line across the bone. So, if someone is not trained in knowing what these marks are, they can be easily over looked. According to Byers (2011) “sharp trauma is the result of narrowly focused, dynamic compression forces applied to the surface of a bone.” (p. 285) Unlike blunt or projectile trauma, sharp force will be focused in a single area, unless the suspect us using an ax or machete there won’t be a large amount destruction to the bones. Using an ax or machete however can severely damage the bones that can look like blunt trauma. So, it is important for the forensic anthropologist to be able to distinguish between them.
All injuries are a serious matter, but upper body injuries are more delicate. “Although the majority of contusions to the most parts of the body result injuries that are self-correcting and without serious consequence, even relatively
middle of paper ... ... While there is no neurobiological or neuropathological explanation as to why CTE occurs, the majority of researchers believe the disease is strongly related to previous head injuries. An individual suffering from CTE will most likely experience changes in their mood, behavior, and cognition. Because this is a relatively new area of research, there are still a vast amount of unknowns pertaining to the disease’s symptoms, pathology, and natural course.
Thesis: Concussions affect children and adults of all ages causing physical, emotional and metal trauma to a person and their brain.
Head injury is about damage to any of the structures of the head as a result of trauma. It is most often used to refer to an injury to the brain. Head injury involves the bones, muscles, blood vessels, skin, and other organs of the face or head. The injury may be only a minor bump on the skull or a serious brain injury. Head injury can be either closed or opened. Head injuries either will cause bleeding within the skull or damage on the scalp and surface of the head. These injuries may be in the form of lacerations, bumps, or bruises. There are four main type of head injury, there are closed injury, open injury, concussion, scalp wound.
Type III of OI makes up 15% of all cases. This is the next in severity after Type II, and the type most known to radiologists and orthopedic surgeons. Two-thirds of these cases will have fractures at birth. There will be severe bone fragility with multiple fractures and deformity that will be progressive. Children with this type seem to have severe dwarfism due to spinal compression fractures and disturbance in growth plates.
warm) in the left upper and lower extremities; decreased strength and movement of the right upper and lower extremities and of the left abdominal muscles; lack of triceps and biceps reflexes in the right upper extremity; atypical response of patellar, Achilles (hyper) reflexes in the right lower extremity; abnormal cremasteric reflex in the right groin; fracture in cervical vertebrae #7; and significant swelling in the C7-T12 region of the spinal canal (Signs and symptoms, n.d.). The objective complaint of a severe headache could also be consistent with a spinal cord injury (Headache, nausea, and vomiting,
Next, there's Iam a lot of informative and educational information you will be able to learn by the end of my presentation. You will be able to define traumatic brain injury signs and symptoms, diagnosis and treatments and prevent ions. You can expect to learn that the signs and symptoms of traumatic brain injury varies depending on the severity . the sights and symptoms could be mild, moderate, or severe. If you h...
Over 1.7 million traumatic brain injuries are reported each year. According to reports the leading cause of brain injuries are from falls followed by motor vehicle accidents, and accidents that were a result of being struck by something. Falls account for 32.5% of traumatic brain injuries in the United States. 50% of all child brain injuries are from falling. 61 % of all traumatic brain injuries among adults are 65 years old or older. Traumatic brain injuries are very violent blows or jolts to the head or body that result in the penetration of the skull. Mild traumatic brain injuries can cause brief dysfunction of the brain cells. Serious brain injuries can cause bleeding, bruising, physical damage to other parts of the body and torn tissues. Brain injuries are more prevalent with males rather than females. Causes of brain injuries include:
Centers for Disease Control Injury Center May 30, 2007 Traumatic Brain Injury in the United States: Emergency Department Visits, Hospitalizations, and Deaths retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/pub-res/tbi_in_us_04/tbi_ed.htm
Fibular fractures may be complete or incomplete fractures. Fibula fractures may occur anywhere along the bone. The fracture we are trying to fixate is a complete fracture. Fractures occur when a force is placed on the bone that is greater than it can withstand, and when a fracture does occur in the fibula, it’s usually at the same time as the tibia. When only the fibula fractures, it is usually because of a direct blow to the side of the leg or an extreme sideways bend at the ankle or knee. Some other common causes of fibular fracture include, direct hit from doing contact sports such as hockey or lacrosse, stress fracture; weakening of the bone from repeated stress, or indirect injury, caused by twisting, turning quickly, or violent muscle contraction. Tripping, falling or impact during an accident are also major causes of fibular
The current patient may be experiencing a range of traumatic injuries after his accident, the injuries that the paramedic will focus on are those that are most life threatening. These injuries include: a possible tension pneumothroax or a haemothorax, hypovolemic shock, a mild or stable pelvic fracture and tibia fibula fracture.
Stocchetti, N., Pagan, F., Calappi, E., Canavesi, K., Beretta, L., Citerio, G., … Colombo, A., (2004). Inaccurate early assessment of neurological severity in head injury. Journal of Neurotrauma, 21(9), 1131-1140. doi:10.1089/neu.2004.21.1131