Mathematical modelling was done to predict mass of the banana fruit var. Grand Nain from the physical characteristics like length, width, thickness, volume, geometrical mean diameter, etc. The observed physical properties of banana were statistically analysed and their mean, standard deviation, error and coefficient of variance were presented. The fitted models were divided into three classifications. Among the first classification model, empirical equation describing the length and width (model no.4) predicts the mass with highest R2 value. In the second classification, mass models of surface area (model no.8) had a linear relationship with R2 = 0.91. Highest R2 value of 0.85 and 0.83 were found for mass models with true and ellipsoidal volume (model no. 9&10) respectively in the third classification.
Keywords: Banana fruit, mass models, physical properties, dimensions, geometrical attributes
INTRODUCTION
Physical properties of agricultural products play an important role in determining standards for designing grading, processing, conveying and packaging systems. The major physical properties of banana fruit are mass, volume, size, density, porosity, surface area etc. Among these properties, mass, projected area, volume, etc are the most important in designing grading system [16]. Surface area is important in indicating heat transfer rate, respiration rate, water loss, gas permeability per unit surface area, quantity of pesticide applied and ripeness index [4,10,26,28].
Fruits are often graded by size and it would be more economical and ease when it is graded by weight. Mass grading of fruits become more essential and it is used to attain uniform weight [19], optimum packaging configurations, reduces packaging and transportatio...
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...rnational agrophysics, 16 (4),301-306.
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I don’t think that calculating average, in this case, is all that common? I cannot find average types of fruit. I cannot apply numerical techniques to the qualitative data. We say that it is a factor because the values of variables have qualitative values. Factors are describing the type of fruits and are represented by words and letters (Yakir, 2011). Therefore, the colors would be coded as factors.
Citrus fruit are not just used for fresh fruit and juice. It has many other uses. One is in jellies and in other preserves. Preserves include marmalades and crystallized fruits. A by-product of citrus production is ...
Conclusions: There is a pattern on the graph, and data table, which shows that as the concentration of the sucrose solution increases, the potato's percentage change in mass decreases.
Brazil nuts are harvested at plantations and in the wild. Plantations are being developed in various parts of the Amazon. Fazenda Aruana is the owner of a 12,000 hectare former cattle ranch, partially converted to a Brazil Nut plantation in 1980. By January of 1990, 318,660 Brazil nut trees were planted on 3341 hectares of land. Fazenda's original intent was to plant Brazil Nut trees in a 20 by 20 meter grids and allow cattle grazing between the trees. The trees in the Aruana plantation are the result of grafting high yield clones from the region of Abufari Amazonas were Brazil nuts are know for their large fruits and seeds. As a result of fertilization from the same clones, the fruit production among clones has been low(2). Another danger in using so few clones is the ability to resist attack of disease and insects.
This paper research on the different angle that the comparative analysis of the nutritional compositions of the two types of corn. It provides us a view of one of the...
Investigating the Effect of Sugar Solution on the Weight and Size of Potato Cells Aim: To investigate whether the different concentration of sugar solution will affect the weight and size of the potato cells. General background information: Osmosis is defined as the movement of water or any other solution's molecules from an area in which they are highly concentrated to a region in which they are less concentrated. This movement must take place across a partially permeable membrane such as a cell wall, which lets smaller molecules (E.g. water) through but does not allow larger solute molecules to pass through. The molecules will continue to diffuse until the area in which the molecules are found to reach a state of equilibrium, meaning that the molecules are equally distributed throughout the cell, with no area having a higher or lower concentration than any other hence equal. Hypothesis/prediction: For this particular investigation I believe that the lower the concentration of the sugar solution in the test tube the mass of the potato will be greater and the longer the potato cells will be.
Tomato fruit quality for the fresh market has been improved for over 30 years (Causse et al., 2001). Fruit quality was divided in to two parts, internal quality, and external quality (Mata, 2000). Mata (2000) also indicated that a wide range of tomato currently available in the market were of high yield and extraordinary external quality. Tomato fruit contribute to nutrition worldwide, and contain diverse antioxidant molecules (Sacco et al., 2013). Fruit quality of tomato is very important attribute for the cultivated tomato. That good quality may contribute to a reduction in the risk of certain type of cancer and cardiovascular diseases (Causse et al., 2003).
Osmosis in Potato Tubes Osmosis: Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane from a high concentration to a low concentration. Diagram: [IMAGE] [IMAGE] Aim: To see the effects of different concentration of sugar solution on Osmosis in potato tubes. Key factor: In the investigation we change the sugar solution from: 0%-10%-20%-30%-40%-50% this is the independent variable; the dependant variable is the change in mass. Prediction: I predict that all the potato tubes in pure water or low concentration sugar solution will swell because water enters their cells by osmosis.
The Effect of Water Concentration on the Mass of Potato Tissue Aim: The aim of this investigation is to discover the effect of water concentration on the mass of potato tissue, and also to investigate the movement of osmosis through potato tissue. Scientific Knowledge: When a substance such as a sugar dissolves in water, the sugar molecules attract some of the water molecules and stop them moving freely. This, in effect, reduces the concentration of water molecules.
2. Cook, A. A. 1975. Diseases of Tropical and Subtropical Fruits and Nuts, Hafner Press,
All the fruits and vegetables are handpicked from farms across the country, and will be delivered to the production line after undergoing through relevant laboratory test and approvals by the research and development department of the company. Dominant production line of the organization will consists of wholly crushed fruits and vegetable extracts with no added artificial flavors that will also be full of nutrients for health benefits. Furthermore, the company would sell fruit smoothies and vegetable smoothies for consumer preferences. All juices and smoothies packages are designed to be recyclable cartons as our main concern is on developing environmental friendly practices. Size choices for the product will be available in three different capacities which are 1L carton,500ML carton and 250ML carton all designed in very unique way where the out core of the package describe the flavor included in. target market for this commodity will be mostly teenagers when demographic segmentation was taken in to account. In addition to this company is also focusing on developing a newly product range specially designed for kids where they have an opportunity to create smoothies by themselves and to have their own fun size
Improvements in the socio-economic patterns in India, China, Brazil and few other developing countries have opened new channels & opportunities for precision agriculture in these countries (Mondal, P. and Basu, M., 2009)”. India is a land of agriculture with large numbers of crops cultivated and the major pulses like wheat, pulses, rice, cotton, maize within top 10 in the world. However, when you take into consideration the ranking on quality wise it does not reach high. Although crops are being grown in India, The ratio of fertilizers used per area and the nutrition needs of the plants are not met. It is almost 3-5 times lesser to what is used in developed countries. With PA, you can achieve this needs of the plants, but studying the crop, soil and terrains. With the recent advancement in ISRO (Indian Satellite Research Organization) launching GPS and the IT revolution has changed the Indian environment making inroads for new scopes in farm sectors. There is also a misinterpretation that these technologies cannot be used in small scale farms. There are few technologies like chlorophyll meter (SPAD) and leaf colour chart (LCC) hand held portable devices to determine the timing of crop and the nutrient content. Government has been supportive in encouraging growers in small community to use GIS systems, and internet to understand the
The freshly squeezed citrus juices of Lemon,lime and orange were analysed through titration over the period of 2 weeks. Initially the lime juice was found to be slightly more acidic than the other juices followed by lemon juice and then orange juice since it is known that usually lime is more acidic than lemon and orange. It was hypothesised that the acidity of each juice will increase or decrease after the period of two weeks depending upon the sugar content of that citrus fruit that the juice is extracted from. The acidity of the juice with the highest sugar level will gradually increase over the period of time since sugar contribute to the the fermentation of the citrus juice to lactic acid. The hypothesis was shown to be correct;however
The purpose of the experiment was to find the osmolarity of sucrose in the potato tuber. Based on the result above the osmolarity of sucrose in the potato is around 0.2M to 0.3M. This mean the potato is in it isotonic stage around 0.3M, and hypotonic from 0.0M to 0.2M, hypertonic from 0.4M to 0.5M. Therefore, the hypothesis was wrong, the osmolarity of sucrose within the potato tuber tissue is between 0.2M to 0.3M.
The Effect of Salt Solution Concentration On The Mass Of Potatoes Introduction = == == == ==