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the role of culture in the institution of marriage
marriage in culture
the role of culture in the institution of marriage
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When you look around the world and see all the hate, destruction and annihilation of people and their countries you have to wonder is it because of how they form their families? Let us look at two articles one written by Steve Sailor , The Cousin Marriage Conundrum and the other written by Serena Nanda ,Arranging a Marriage in India. We will look at the practices and protocols of two different countries and cultures through two essays, one that has prearranged marriages India and one that encourages inbreeding by way of marrying first or second cousins. Let us start with the first essay by Sailor about people of Iraq; we have three ethnic groups, the Kurds of the north, the Sunnis of the center and the Shi’ites of the south. Each of these ethnic groups has their own alliances and rivals, a country so torn they must inbreed with cousins to continue. Then we have the next essay written by Nanda of people in India a peaceful country that can look within its entire land to find a mate. Between the two cultures you have the choice of having your family find your mate for you or in Iraq your spouse and you share the same gene pool. Of course this consanguineous has not just went on in Iraq, the old stereotype of inbred mountaineers found that in 1942, 19 percent were consanguineous in Kentucky. Cousin marriages average not much more than1 percent in most European countries and fewer than 10 percent in the rest of the world. This practice seems to enable the ethnic groups or community to keep their population higher and stay within their beliefs. The Indians practice of arranged marriages is to protect the strengths of their families. They too look to keep the beliefs and cultures strong within their dynasty. Families search out and find perspective brides and grooms for their sons and daughters. This allows for their sons and daughters to be more focused on school and work not really much different then marrying someone you already know. We must also look at the Hindus in southern India and their consanguinity, although there uncle-niece marriages were the socially preferred. Medical problems existed strong in these unions; the DNA was just to close causing birth defects to multiply in the offspring.
When you think about family, what is the first thing that comes to mind? If you only thought about your parents or close relatives then you may have been caught in an “individual vs. family” paradox. Nearly every culture considers family important, but “many Americans have never even met all of their cousins” (Holmes & Holmes, 2002, p.19). We say we are family oriented, but not caring to meet all of our extended family seems to contradict that. Individual freedoms, accomplishments, and goals are all American ideals that push the idea of individualism. What's important to note is that family or even the concept of family itself doesn't appear in any of those ideals. Holmes and Holmes (2002), observed that “The family reunions of yesterday are now rare, and when they occur they are often a source of stress.” (p. 19) That quote solidifies one reason why family interaction today is : it's just too stressful, so we avoid it. Where does marriage fit into our culture of individuals? Marriage itself may be less of a family unifying event than a way for two individuals to obtain personal happiness; the climbing divorce rate alone seems to suggest the devaluation of commitment in a relationship. Likewise, the Holmes and Holmes (2002) state “marriage is in effect a continuation of courtship” (p. 19) In my opinion, I would have to agree with the authors on family and marriage, considering the above-stated facts and trends. If we, as a nation, can place the individual so far above our own relatives, are we not creating a future of selfishness?
A family is a group of people consisting of the parents and their children who live together and they are blood related. The family is always perceived as the basic social units whether they are living together in the same compound or at far distance but are closely related especially by blood. Therefore, the family unit has had a great influence on the growth and the character traits possessed by the children as they grow up and how they perceive the society they live in. the family also shapes the children to be able to relate well with other people that are not part of their family and with a good relationship it impacts to the peace achieved in country. This paper addresses the reasons as to why the family is considered the most important agent of socialization. It’s evident that families have changed over time and they have adopted different ways of living. This paper also tackles on the causes of the dramatic changes to the American family and what the changes are. Different people with different race, gender and preferences make the family unit and this makes the difference in marriages. This will also be discussed in this paper.
Marriage refers to the legal union of a woman and man for life. The definition of marriage ranges across all dimensions as in some cultures it is regarded as a covenant, in some it is regarded as the intimate relationship that exists between a woman and a man yet in others it is seen as the backbone of all societies (Velayutham,2005). All the various definitions and perspectives contribute in clarifying the essential nature of marriage as well as its significance to the couple that is getting married .
Most Indians believe in “arranged marriage” while Americans believe in “Love marriage”. An arranged marriage is “a marriage that is established before a lengthy relationship” (Zuffoletti, 2007). In American cultures couples become married after a long relationship. Most of the time marriage is the couple’s way of finally sealing the deal, and making the ultimate commitment to each other for the rest of their lives. This is considered a “Love marriage”. In “love marriages” two people are allowed to date and get to know each other through conversation face to face, and sometimes through sexual activities. While in “arranged marriages” the couple is not allowed to see each other face to face until the big day. They must get to know each other through conversation only and by playing games with their families like “taboo” back to
In Islam, marriage is a contract between two people. It is required that a certain amount of money be relayed to the bride. This idea of dowry derives from the word in Arabic; Mahr. Furthermore, like both Christianity and Judaism, Islam is strict on the concept of chastity. It is the element of staying pure. Seeing as marriage in Islam is concealed with intercourse, which is evident from the root of the world in Arabic meaning marriage. The Arabic of word Nikah can be translated to marriage and "sexual intercourse." We see in Islam a marriage being very mutual, we see the concept of equality among the couple. This is advocated when looking into divorce in Islam. Divorce is not prohibited like Christianity where there has to be an annulment. The Muslim faith recognizes marriage as a "transaction" in a sense. There is a contract that must be fully accepted by both the husband and wife, and two Muslims have to be there to witness it. After the contract is signed and the decision on the Mahr is derived at, a marriage ceremony can take place. The woman does not necessarily need to appear during the signing of the contract, but the bride tends to usually be there. The Qur'an holds marriage very highly, and allows the presence for the willingness of sex. In fact, if you complete the contract of marriage you have essentially completed one half of your faith in Islam. Furthermore, the Qur'an continues to go on and describe certain things that must happen in a marriage. It even states that a Muslim man can either marry a Muslim woman or a woman that is included in the People from the Book. The People of the Book are referred to as the Kitabi in Islam. This would mean a Muslim man could go onto marry a Christian or Jewish woman; however, thi...
One of the main arguments for arranged marriages is that parents, being older and more experienced, are better able to find a suitable match for their children. This belief relies on the trust the offspring has that their parents understand what would be best choice or most suitable for their children. This trust is often discouraged by the individualist ideal and rebel teen mentality sponsored by American mass-media. However, in India trust between parent and child are common. When Nanda tried helping arrange a marriage, we see that parents in India weigh many considerations when choosing partners for their children including the statuses of the individuals (including their caste and career path), the social dynamics between the members of both households, and what resources the other family and potential partner have. At least in the case given in the reading, this process can be though and produce a good marriage with stable family ties. Another argument made for arranged marriage is that since the parents are handling the marriage, the children are free to enjoy life and not worry about the details. To a lesser degree in our country, people delegate part of the relationship forming process to others by allowing friends, family, and dating sites or shows to play matchmaker. Though in general, in America the person who would be in the relationship is more involved, and has to worry about handling some of the details. In India, culture is more dependent on family structure so marriage is just as much about forming ties between families as the couple itself, which is part of the reason why the family is so involved in these
In Hinduism it is a common practice to follow within the traditions of arranged marriage.In the article “Arranged Marriages :An Assessment of The attitudes of the College students in India” Prakasa and Nandini Rao both claim that marriage is considered a ritual, for anyone who is not married they are considered unholy and may not participate in some social religious activities. Marriage is treated as an agreement
THE ORIGIN AND MAINTENANCE of the incest taboo have been sources of interest and debate for decades in a number of different disciplines. The universality of the taboo, in one form or another, has served to fuel the discussions. Nested within differences in the theorists' orientations and conclusions is a consensus that, with very few exceptions, sexual intercourse is prohibited between members of the nuclear family who are not spouses -- father-child, mother-child, son-sibling, daughter-sibling. Most cultures extend the prohibition beyond the nuclear family to include grandparents, uncles, aunts, nieces, and nephews, both consanguine and affinal (see Fox, 1967, and Schusky, 1972, for examples). Further from the nuclear family, parallel cousins are usually proscribed as sexual partners and cross-cousins often are similarly proscribed. Different cultures then extend the taboo to other kin, depending on the specifics of the culture and its current and historical circumstances. There is then the alignment of prohibitions against sexual intercourse (a mating strategy) with marriage prohibitions: If sexual intercourse is prohibited, so is marriage.
Arranged marriage is much more effortless and like a short cut of love because the tedious and intricate process of maintaining the relationship and dating is omitted and they are under the influence of the same culture, share the same religious conviction and grow up in a similar social class. Individuals incline to an unvarnished and easeful lifestyle and the marriage does not occupy as the same ratio of life as five to ten years ago. On the one hand, boys may save the money which is used on dating because they do not need to buy too many things that pleased the girl. Moreover, in several circumstances, a date or a courtship is quite embarrassing and time-consuming especially for the adults who were forced to have a date under the pressure of their parents even from their grandparents. On the other hand, the spouse can cut down on the daily expense because their children will be nursed by their parents rather than babysitters and their children can live in a warm environment and a harmony atmosphere and feel more comfortable without strangers. Arranged marriages, according to the marriage experience of the parents and the marriage agency, alw...
Incest is not such a clear-cut matter as it has been made out to be over millennia of taboos. Many participants claim to have enjoyed the act and its physical and emotional consequences. It is often the result of seduction. In some cases, two consenting and fully informed adults are involved. Many types of relationships, which are defined as incestuous, are between genetically unrelated parties (a stepfather and a daughter), or between fictive kin or between classificatory kin (that belong to the same matriline or patriline). In certain societies (the American Indians or the Chinese) it is sufficient to carry the same family name (=to belong to the same clan) and marriage is forbidden. Some incest prohibitions relate to sexual acts - other to marriage. In some societies, incest is mandatory or prohibited, according to the social class (Bali). In others, the Royal House started a tradition of incestuous marriages, which were imitated by lower classes (Ancient Egypt). The list is long and it serves to demonstrate the diversity of this most universal taboo. Generally put, we can say that a prohibition to have sex with or marry a related person should be classified as an incest prohibition, no matter the nature of the relationship.
Arranged marriages have been around for a while and they still are. In some countries arranged marriages are actually tradition but it is wrong to arrange a marriage for necessity instead of love. Did you know that arranged marriages can be annulled? You can legally annul your arranged marriage with a legal court session. With arranged marriages, you hurt your children more than help them. By marrying them at a young age, they don't get much education. Arranged Marriages are cruel because people deserve the choice of who they marry and a chance of love.
While arranged marriages are still a common practice, and some girls believe that there are benefits from the arranged marriage, some future brides feel uncertain and scared of getting married because it would mean that they would have to leave the comfort of their home. Not only that, but it is not uncommon for the family of the groom to put extra pressure on their new daughter-in-law. Everything, including her behavior, her clothing, and her housework will be under observation. Whether or not arranged marriages are the best way to create families or find love, it is interesting to see how there is not just one way to get married.
In contemporary society, particularly in contemporary America, divorce rates have spiked to rates as high as 4.1 marital separations per 1000 individuals. This escalation has left many very ambivalent of the future of marriage in the world, a commitment that in many respects has been viewed as a lifelong or even lasting for eternity. Such surges in divorces seem to be more visible in cultures that allow for free-choice mate selection, where individuals are free to choose whom they wish to marry. This is highly contrasting to other cultures such as Japanese culture where arranged marriages are the regular practices of many kin-groups. Often free-choice societies are blamed for their elevated divorce rates because such individuals fail to take
Arranged marriage in India is the traditional and well respected way of getting married. Majority of the elderly were married through someone, some not even being able to see each other till after the wedding ceremony. Now a day families are a bit more lenient about getting the approvals of both bride and groom before setting a wedding a day. In some parts of India, arrange marriages are still a business transaction or marrying of little children due to poverty. Arranged marriages are still very common in royalties and high caste people to practice maintaining their status.
Arranging a marriage for a young girl is a simple way for the family to collect dowry money. For families living in poverty this is something they looked forward to since the birth of their daughter. Furthermore, having one less mouth to feed makes supporting the remaining children less demanding on the parents. In addition to financial reasons for the practice, in times of war an arranged marriage is a way to ensure that the child bride remains safe and out of harms way. An important aspect of most religions is purity. “The very idea that young women have a right to select their own partners—that