Margaret Fuller was a journalist, critic and women's rights activist associated with the American transcendental movement. She was the first full-time female book reviewer in journalism. Her book Woman in the Nineteenth Century is considered the first major feminist work in the United States. was an early proponent of feminism and especially believed in providing education to women.[113] Once equal educational rights were afforded women, she believed, women could push for equal political rights as well.[114] She advocated that women seek any employment they wish, rather than catering to the stereotypical "feminine" roles of the time, such as teaching. She once said, "If you ask me what office women should fill, I reply—any... let them be sea captains if you will. I do not doubt that there are women well fitted for such an office".[115] She had great confidence in all women but doubted that a woman would produce a lasting work of art or literature in her time[116] and disliked the popular female poets of her time.[117] Fuller also warned women to be careful about marriage and not to become dependent on their husbands. As she wrote, "I wish woman to live, first for God's sake. Then she will not make an imperfect man for her god, and thus sink to idolatry. Then she will not take what is not fit for her from a sense of weakness and poverty"
Emerson was the fountain head of the transcendental wave of spirituality. His pages are steeped with it and all we hear is the soul and the over-soul. This happens also to Margaret Fuller. Her life can be seen as an effort to find what she used to call “sovereign self”. The key to her character and the secret of her strong individual influence and fiery sympathies was this same quality of the soul...
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... call it, a respectable place among the male dimension of writers. It is true also that literary women lacked power of any crudely tangible kind and they were careful not lo lay claim to it. “Instead, they whished to exert influence, which they eulogized as a supreme force. They were asking for nothing more than offhand attention, and not even much of that: influence was to be discreetly omnipresent and omnipotent.”
They indeed exerted this influence through literature which was in the process of becoming a mass medium. Women continuously attempted to stabilize and present in their work the values that cast their position in the most suitable light. Margaret Fuller had the reputation of being one of the best read authors in the end of the nineteenth century, in the England, although she lived in a society that offered little encouragement for intellectual women.
Women have faced oppression in the literary community throughout history. Whether they are seen as hysterical or unreliable, women writers seem to be faulted no matter the topics of their literature. However, Anne Bradstreet and Margaret Fuller faced their critics head-on. Whether it was Bradstreet questioning her religion or Fuller discussing gender fluidity, these two women did not water down their opinions to please others. Through their writings, Bradstreet and Fuller made great strides for not just women writers, but all women.
Since these individuals were apart of two very important movements their tactics were much the same. The movement relied heavily upon individualism, which allowed those men and women to be able to voice their thoughts openly. The women and men of the movement wholly supported equality for women and strived for women to be seen as an individual and equal-counterpart to men. In Margaret Fuller’s “Woman in the Nineteenth Century” she gives a dis-heartening point on women’s treatment, “It may well be an Anti-Slavery party that pleads for Women, if we consider merely that she does not hold property on equal terms with men; so that, if a husband dies without making a will, the wife, instead of taking at once his place as head of the family, inherits only a part of his fortune, often brought him by herself, as if she were a child, or ward only, not an equal partner.” Margaret Fuller gives an accurate account to how these recurring problem
Marry Wollstonecraft was a famous women’s right activist and was also considered one of the most famous feminist, she fought for equal rights between men and women because people considered women weaker than men.
“We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men and women are created equal.” (Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Seneca Falls Declaration). Elizabeth Cady Stanton was a suffragist and feminist. She worked towards many goals in order for women to have a say in a world where men ruled. She wrote the Declaration of Sentiments, a groundbreaking request for women’s rights. In a time in which women had no rights, Stanton, along with her partner Susan B. Anthony, started movements to change the lives of women for eternity.
The woman who shall vindicate their birthright for all women; who shall teach them what to claim, and how to use what they obtain?” This quote is what fuller was calling on women to be. Fuller found her model through Plater because she was headstrong and capable, and fuller wanted these attributes to be common in all women. Fuller being a Transcendentalist, thought the women would be able to transform themselves from what they were and how they were seen, into ideal citizens who deserved the respect from everyone. Fuller was even able to see this change happening "All men are privately influenced by women; each has his wife, sister, or female friends, and is too much biased by these relations to fail of representing their interests."(Pg. 1629) She knew that it was inevitable to keep women out of the structure of influence within American society. Her thinking and influence was what brought about reforms such as women’s
Mary Wollstonecraft was as revolutionary in her writings as Thomas Paine. They were both very effective writers and conveyed the messages of their ideas quite well even though both only had only the most basic education. Wollstonecraft was a woman writing about women's rights at a time when these rights were simply non-existent and this made her different from Paine because she was breaking new ground, thus making her unique. Throughout her lifetime, Wollstonecraft wrote about the misconception that women did not need an education, but were only meant to be submissive to man. Women were treated like a decoration that had no real function except to amuse and beguile. Wollstonecraft was the true leader in women's rights, advocating a partnership in relationships and marriage rather than a dictatorship. She was firm in her conviction that education would give women the ability to take a more active role in life itself.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton, with her draft of the Declaration of Sentiments, Margret Fuller with her book Women in the Nineteenth Century and Judith Sargent Murray’s “On the Equality of the Sexes”, all share the fundamental basis of advocating for women’s rights in terms of education, social affairs, as well as civil rights and liberties. All three women are known figures of women’s empowerment and an overall devotion to the plight of equality with regard to gender. Stanton is well known for, amongst other things, coining the idea of the Seneca Falls Woman’s Convention, which marked the initiation of the voting rights campaign to gain the right to vote for women across the nation, where her first draft of the “Declaration of Sentiments” was debuted. Fuller, was a renowned author and teacher, who, along with Murray, continues to be recognized and celebrated as the one of the first pioneering Americans to write about women’s rights and equality of the sexes in her book: Women in the Nineteenth Century. All three authors and subsequently their texts address inequality with respect to gender, make suggestions for improvement and reform, and use rhetorical techniques such as logos, pathos, and ethos to incite particular reactions for their intended audience. They address inequality as a social and cultural hierarchy in which men are the leaders and sole benefactors. They also suggest that both men and women should reform their conviction on what women are capable of and are entitled to in terms of education, social affairs, and civil rights while using rhetoric as the driving force for their arguments.
The oppression and discrimination the women felt in this era launched the women into create the women’s right movement. The economic growth in the market economy women opportunity to work was very low Lucy Stone explained that the same society that pushes men forward keeps woman at home (Doc. H). Only low paying jobs were available such as factories, seamstress, or a teacher and in most states women had no control over their wages. Charlotte Woodward explained how she would sew gloves for a terrible wage but it was under rebellion she wished to choose her own job and the pay (Doc.E). The chart on Doc F explained how women between 1837-1844 dominated men as teachers in the Massachusetts Public School. The idea of the “cult of true womanhood” was that most respectable middle class women should stay at home and take care of the family and be the moral of the home. The advancement in the market economy gave women a chance to make their own money to be able to support themselves and work outside of the home. The nineteenth century was a ferment of reform such as the Second...
In the nineteenth century the inequality of women was more than profound throughout society. Margaret Fuller and Fanny Fern both women of the century were much farther advanced in education and opinion than most women of the time. Fuller and Fern both harbored opinions and used their writing as a weapon against the conditions that were considered the norm in society for women. Margaret and Fuller were both influential in breaking the silence of women and criticizing the harsh confinement and burden of marriage to a nineteenth century man. Taking into consideration Woman in he Nineteenth Century by Fuller, Aunt Hetty on Matrimony, and The Working-Girls of New York by Fern, the reader can clearly identify the different tones and choice of content, but their purposes are moving towards the same cause. Regardless of their differences in writing, both Fern and Fuller wrote passionately in order to make an impact for their conviction, which was all too similar.
Though seen as crazy, Fuller challenges society 's view on women as a whole using both religious and historical evidence. Fuller also addresses that change will not be possible without the help of educated women to take a stand and fight for their rights. Even though Fuller 's essays may not have been the reason women have some of the rights they have today, her intellectual knowledge and determination allowed women to be seen much more than the property they were previously seen
Mary Wollstonecraft: the Mother of Modern Feminism Mary Wollstonecraft was a self-educated, radical philosopher who wrote about liberation, and empowering women. She had a powerful voice in her views on the rights of women to get good education and career opportunities. She pioneered the debate for women’s rights, inspiring many of the 19th and the 20th century’s writers and philosophers to fight for women’s rights, as well. She did not only criticize men for not giving women their rights, she also put blame on women for being voiceless and subservient. Her life and, the surrounding events of her time, accompanied by the strong will of her, had surely affected the way she chose to live her life, and to form her own philosophies.
...rriage should be based on? Where is the love that they share for each other? Why can’t women have it both ways? Why can’t they find a man who they love and who will love and respect them back? It is questions such as these that light the fire inside Margaret Fuller. Fuller is not attacking men in this essay; it is directed at women as well. She is simply asking that everyone try to look at things differently. She wants people to understand that if women get more education and skills, men will benefit as well. Fuller’s passion and desire for equality is most clearly evidenced when she states, "What deep communion, what real intercourse is implied by the sharing the joys and cares of parentage, when any degree of equality is admitted between the parties" (42).
“Girls wear jeans and cut their hair short and wear shirts and boots because it is okay to be a boy; for a girl it is like promotion. But for a boy to look like a girl is degrading, according to you, because secretly you believe that being a girl is degrading” (McEwan 55-56). Throughout the history of literature women have been viewed as inferior to men, but as time has progressed the idealistic views of how women perceive themselves has changed. In earlier literature women took the role of being the “housewife” or the household caretaker for the family while the men provided for the family. Women were hardly mentioned in the workforce and always held a spot under their husband’s wing. Women were viewed as a calm and caring character in many stories, poems, and novels in the early time period of literature. During the early time period of literature, women who opposed the common role were often times put to shame or viewed as rebels. As literature progresses through the decades and centuries, very little, but noticeable change begins to appear in perspective to the common role of women. Women were more often seen as a main character in a story setting as the literary period advanced. Around the nineteenth century women were beginning to break away from the social norms of society. Society had created a subservient role for women, which did not allow women to stand up for what they believe in. As the role of women in literature evolves, so does their views on the workforce environment and their own independence. Throughout the history of the world, British, and American literature, women have evolved to become more independent, self-reliant, and have learned to emphasize their self-worth.
In A Room of One's Own the narrator begins an exploration of women in literature. She attempts to answer many questions regarding women. The first being why is literature about women written by men. She also critiques the scholarship of the great men of literature.
Anne Bradstreet’s creative ability was hindered due to her gender’s value in society. Molly Farrell investigates the political obstacles that Anne Bradstreet and Phillis Wheatley had to overcome in order to become successful writers. “Bradstreet here becomes a cunning navigator of intense external pressures as well as a disarming poetic performer who creates room for future women writer to navigate publication” [395]. She struggled to have her writing properly published and respected so she would attempt to make it politically accepted my men. Fortunately, according to Jane Donahue, others “finding sources of strength in their femaleness and inspired by achievements of other women, have asserted themselves confidently” [300]. Anne Bradstreet