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contributions to maslow's hierarchy of needs
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‘Discuss how important it is in 2013 for managers to be able to understand and apply management theories in the workplace.’
Introduction
Managers a huge part of a organisation they are arguably the main drivers to the success of the organisation as they are the ones that have control of the human and non-human resources, how they control these resources determines is the organisation achieves its over all goals. It is so important that managers do control these resources correctly that there has been extensive research in to how to be a good manger, this research has meant that we now have management theories. I will be discussing four management theories including behavioural management theory, contingency management approach, Quantitative management theory and scientific management theory.
Behavioural management theory - Introduction
Firstly behavioural management theory. This theory takes in to account what the actual individuals motivation and behaviour is. This theory is different to other theories because it looks at employees as assets that need to be acknowledged and developed so they can produce the best work other theories such as classic management theory look at employees as machines.
Behavioural management theory - Abraham Maslow
One of the most well known theories that links in with this is Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. This need theory was developed by looking at the human needs from basic to luxury. Maslow’s needs theory was based on three assumptions, theses three assumptions are as follows, human needs are completely satisfied, human behaviour is purposeful and is motivated by the need for satisfaction and finally needs can be classified according to hierarchal structure of importance, starting from b...
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Cliffsnotes.com. 2013. Behavioral Management Theory. [online] Available at: http://www.cliffsnotes.com/more-subjects/principles-of-management/the-evolution-of-management-thought/behavioral-management-theory [Accessed: 24 Nov 2013].
Daft, R. and Marcic, D. 2009. Management. Mason, OH: South-Western.
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Abraham Maslow, a psychologist, created a theory about how humans fulfill their needs. Robert Gwynne emphasizes Maslow’s theory that “human beings are motivated by unsatisfied needs, and that certain lower needs need to be satisfied before higher needs can be satisfied” (Gwynne). In Maslow’s Hierarchy, he explains that humans must fulfill their basic necessities before they can reach a higher level of contentment. Accomplishing needs allows for humans to stay motivated in their daily life. The ability to attain their goals originates from the order of the hierarchy. Saul McLeod helps to provide information about Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. He explains that the levels of needs include physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization (McLeod). The beginning level, physiological, includes essential needs: food, water, air, sleep, and shelter. After filling those urges, a person would move on to the safety level which ensures that they are protected from the elements and have security. Then the social level of the hierarchy should be met because humans have to feel a sense of connection and belonging. The higher levels of the hierarchy are more challenging to satisfy, so not everyone completes them. Esteem consists of a person’s achievements, independence, self-respect, and respect from others. Once a person feels that they have accomplished esteem, they arrive at self-actualization. The last level requires for the person to reach self-fulfillment and to realize their full potential. Humans do not approach maturity until they make their way through all five levels of the hierarchy. However, completion of the hierarchy does not happen often because people neglect their impulses. If a person chooses to ignore their needs, then they can be negatively affected: “The need to fulfil such needs will become stronger the longer the duration they are denied. For example, the longer a
This theory is portrayed in a pyramid (Maslow’s hierarchy of needs). The needs consist of physiology needs, security, love and belonging, esteem, self-actualisation and finally self-transcendence.
The credible version of hierarchy of needs of Maslow (1943, 1954), have five motivational levels that are arranged in a pyramid with depicted levels. The stages are divided in basic needs which include, psychological, love, safety, and esteem. These needs are also primary of deficiency needs. The other needs are growth needs which incorporate self-actualization needs. When basic needs are not met, they are said to motivate people. The strength of the desire of such needs depends with the time in which they are denied. For example, the more a person lacks food, the hungrier that person becomes. Basic needs must be satisfied before a person proceeds to satisfy other needs in the higher levels. When basic needs are satisfied reasonably, the person can now strive at achieving the self-actualization level, which is the highest level.
Murray and Dicroce (2003) suggest that management is a process that uses resources to achieve specific goals effectively; basic management functions including planning, organising, coordinating, directing and controlling. The term of manager can be appointed to the person to plan, organise, coordinate, supervise, negotiate, evaluate and use resources available in the best way possible to achieve the best service. Alternativ...
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a theory that includes a five level pyramid of basic human
Abraham Maslow wrote the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory. This theory was based on fulfilling five basic needs: physiological, safety, social, esteem and self-actualization. Maslow believed that these needs could create internal pressures that could influence the behavior of a person. (Robbins, p.204)
Due to the changes in management patterns and advancements, there are changes that could be made to the theory to make it relevant and applicable in the contemporary management. For instance, in the fourteen principles, the inclusion of staff welfare may make the theory flexible and adaptable (Thomson 2004).
...t that people are humans and humans play roles in society. With an awareness of this fact, managers will successfully be able to promote a positive workplace culture both for employees and productivity.
Since the end of the 19th century, when factory manufacturing became widespread and the size of organisations increased, people have been looking for ways to motivate employees and improve productivity. A need for management ideas arise which lead to classical contributors such as Frederick Taylor and Henri Fayol generating management theories such as Taylor’ Scientific Management and Fayol’s Administrative Management. In the late 1920’s and early 1930’s the Hawthorne studies were conducted where Elton Mayo was the predominate figure and contributed to the Behavioural viewpoint. This brought about a Human Relations Movement which included Douglas McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y approach. Similarities and differences can be found between the theories due to the relevant time period they were implemented, the motives or goal of the theory and how they view organisations. However the use of contingency theory can help negate the dissimilarities which occur as it allows the relevant elements from each theory to be applied to specific situations.
Management plays a significant role in how business operates. The diversity of approaches to the theoretical and practical background of management has come up with several versions of what is meant by such key words as management and organization. The academia views expressed in relation to management theories take a different role than that prescribed to managers. There has not been any concrete definition of management even though the classic definition of Henri fayol still remains in contention to be the preferred choice after eighty years. In the context of what is required I would like to elaborate on the following journals.
The twentieth century has brought in a number of management theories which have helped shaped our view of management in the present business environment. These emerging theories have enabled managers to appreciate new patterns of thinking, new ways of organising and new ways of managing organisations and people. Over the years these different theories have enabled the study of trends that have taken place in the management field. The major management viewpoints- which include the classical, behavioural and contingency approaches- have assisted in the formation of the contemporary twenty-first century management theory and techniques (S. C. Certo & S. T. Certo, 2006). Although, there are significant differences among all these approaches they seem to be unified by the efforts of improving an organisation’s efficiency in terms of proper human resources management. Furthermore, the dissimilarities seen in these approaches are due to the always changing organisations and environments which demand new management practices and techniques be applied to maintain the efficiency of an organisation.
In today’s competitive business environment, effective management plays a crucial role. The article Five Minds of a Manager by Jonathan Gosling and Henry Mintzberg, identify some important aspects of effective managers. According to the author, “The world of the manager is complicated and confusing.” Consequently, mangers need to think above ordinary employees. In particular, managers should, think global and act local, collaborate through competitions, be agents of change and maintain order. This paper provides a reflective review of the article Five Minds of a Manager by Jonathan Gosling and Henry Mintzberg.
There are several theories that examine an organization and it’s approach to managing work in an effort to develop efficiency and increase production. Two classical approaches to management are Taylor’s scientific management theory and Weber's bureaucratic management theory. Both men are considered pioneers of in the study of management.
The Hierarchy of needs theory, by Maslow, shows the basic and the advanced needs that the person should fulfill to reach his or her highest potential. That is why the theory is best depicted as a pyramid including seven stages. The first stage is physiological needs: water, body temperature, sleep, and sex. When one satisfies those needs, he or she can go to the next stage. Safety needs is the second stage. Here, the person is concerned about his safety and stability, so he tries to find a good job to support himself financially, and also find a good home in a safe place. The third stage is belongingness and love. To love and be loved and accepted becomes very important in this stage, so the person starts to worry about his relationships. Being accepted and loved will lead successfully to the fourth stage, which is esteem needs. In this level, the person is more concerned about achieving and gaining approval. Ones those needs are fulfilled, the cognitive needs come to be a priority. This fifth level is attained by seeking knowledge and explor...
Over the past hundred years management has continuously been evolving. There have been a wide range of approaches in how to deal with management or better yet how to improve management functions in our ever changing environment. From as early as 1100 B.C managers have been struggling with the same issues and problems that manager’s face today. Modern managers use many of the practices, principles, and techniques developed from earlier concepts and experiences.