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Correlation between transformational leadership and transactional
Perspectives on transactional and transformational leadership
Hersey and Blanchard’s Leadership theory
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Management: Case Study
Introduction
DGL International, a manufacturer of refinery equipment, has enlisted the service of manager John Terril to turn around the severely under performing division of technical services within the company. John Terril is told to ‘fix it’. This Case study will be looking at the Leadership style used by Terril using Tannenbaum and Schmidt’s continuum of leadership behaviors and the Hersey- Blanchard, Situational Leadership theory (SLT). The intricacy of both theories will be exhibited and discussed; emphasis will be placed on the four types of leadership styles in Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational Leadership Theory (SLT), focusing on the coupling of task orientation and employee relationship orientation and the application of such styles. Discussed also are the types of power used by Terril over his employees and the power that results due to Terril’s actions. Transactional and transformational leadership styles will be analyzed in conjunction with Terril’s actions. My own personal approach to DGL’s internationals problem, if I were to take the place of manager, using the previously mentioned theories of leadership, will be addressed also.
Q1)
What Leadership style did John Terril use?
Tannenbaum and Schmidt’s continuum of leadership behaviors (Robins et al, 2011) outlines the relationship between the use of authority by a manager and the freedom of employees; Autocratic, participative (Consultative and democratic) and laissez-faire are the depicted categories. Autocratic leadership is defined by Robbins et al as ‘manager makes decisions and announces it’ giving no chance of input from employees. Participative is central on the continuum and has two sub categories; consultative and democratic. ...
... middle of paper ...
...decision and sell it to my employees, almost coercing them into thinking my idea is the best thing for them.
Works Cited
Kahai S, Jestire R and Huang R. 2013, Effects of transformational and transactional leadership on cognitive effort and outcomes during collaborative learning within a virtual world, British Journal of Educational Technology. Vol. 44, No.6, p969 - 985.
Raven B, French J. 1958, Legitimate power, coercive power and observability in social influence. American Sociological Association. Vol. 28, No. 2, p83.
Salem D, et al. 2000, The Role of Referent and Expert Power in Mutual Help, American Journal of Community Psychology, Vol. 28 No. 3, Pg 303-324.
Robbins, et al. 2011, Management: The Essentials, 7th ed, Australia: Pearson Australia, Pg 298.
Robbins, et al. 2011, Management: The Essentials, 7th ed, Australia: Pearson Australia, Pg 131.
The leaders take full authority and assume full responsibility. Autocratic leadership typically is negative, based on threats and punishment, but it can appear to be positive, as demonstrated by the benevolent autocrat who chooses to give some rewards to employees. Consultative leaders approach one or more employees and ask them for inputs prior to making a decision. These leaders may then choose to use or ignore the information and advice received, however.
Hersey, P. & Blanchard, K. (n.d.) Situational Leadership. In Wren, J.T. (Ed.). (1995). The Leader’s Companion (pp. 207-211). New York: Simon & Schuster.
...s does not explain the leaders’ influence on the group tasks. Northouse(2007) has criticised on the clarity of the theory. He states that the theory is too wide and covers a range of factors that it does not give the complete parameters under the transformational leadership. The four factors of the transformational leadership were found to overlap often which showed that the four dimensions did not have borders (Tracey & Hinkin,1998). The problem of multi co linearity lower than desired reliability in MLQ was most commonly criticized by many researchers.
Collaborative leadership is defined by a process, rather than what leaders do. Collaborative leadership can be implemented
Raven, Bertram, and John French. Jr. "Legitimate Power, Coercive Power, and Observability in Social Influence ." Sociometry Vol. 21.No. 2 (1958): 83. Web. 2 Aug 2010. .
When people think of leadership so many things rush through their heads. For example am I a leader, am I apart of a group that has a leader, and what does being a leader mean? A common definition of being a leader is a person who leads or guides a group of people. So now knowing the definition of a leader who pops into your head; Phil Jackson, Mike Krzyzewski, Martin Luther King Jr.? All of these people are great leaders, but the real question is why are they so great? One very important thing that all these men have in common is they have a philosophy of leadership. This philosophy is going to help guide these men during turbulent times, or when they need guidance themselves. Nobody is perfect and everyone needs direction no matter how wise or gifted you are. I am no different, which is why writing this philosophy of leadership is going to be a fruitful experience for years to come.
C. Wright Mills in his article “ The Structure of Power in American Society” writes that when considering the types of power that exist in modern society there are three main types which are authority, manipulation and coercion. Coercion can be seen as the “last resort” of enforcing power. On the other hand, authority is power that is derived from voluntary action and manipulation is power that is derived unbeknownst to the people who are under that power.
Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational Leadership Theory (SLT) asserts that a leader’s effectiveness is dependent upon the readiness, or ability and willingness, of the leader’s followers to complete a task. This leadership style is an amalgamation of task-oriented and relationship-oriented characteristics that are employed depending upon the situation and the followers involved. According to the SLT, as followers increase in readiness the leader’s style is to adapt accordingly (Kinicki & Kreitner, 2009).
John Terrill, an experienced professional with a unique approach to managing, was brought into to DGL International to correct the productivity issues evident in the technical services division. As a leader, his approach would require professionalism, as well as an alternative method of management to restore the lacking work ethic of the engineers. Through investigative research into well-defined leadership styles, behaviours and power types, the following case study questions are discussed below. Using Paul Hershey and Ken Blanchard’s situational leadership theory, I compare the autocratic with the democratic approaches to leadership, as well as discuss the four styles of leading: telling, selling, participative or delegating. I also address the type of power Terrill appears to possess over his followers and compare multiple options. Though Terrill proved to be a successful development to the company’s management team, the repercussions and advantages of alternative approaches are also addressed in conjunction with Robert House’s path-goal theory.
French, J. R. P., Jr., & Raven, B. H. (1959). The bases of social power. In D. Cartwright (Ed.), Studies in social power (pp. 150–167). Ann Arbor, MI: Institute for Social Research.
After the end of the Industrial Revolution, large corporations were beginning to grow in size and power in order to satisfy what seemed the endless demands for new goods and services. As corporations and labor forces grew, there was a need to develop a more systematic study of organization and management, known as management theory, the significant being Frederick Taylor's Principles of Scientific Management which involved the development of training workers through special incentives and compensation (Boone p.33). In general, early management scientists tended to believe that there was a single way to organize companies and manage employees. By the beginning of the 20th century, there were initial attempts for launching a systematic and scientific study of management; by the 1950's, there were multiple books and articles focused on organization and management theory. Since then, a number of new paradigms, or models, concerning employee motivation and employee-employer relationships have aroused influencing the basic principles of modern management theory.
There are different leadership theories developed throughout the history. Most popular ones are trait theories, behavioral theories, contingency theories, and leader-member exchange (LMX) theory. The author of the post will briefly discuss two theories, Fiedler contingency theory and Leader-Member Exchange (LMX), and compare and contrast their strengths and weakness.
...adership Practices in Relation to Productivity and Morale." In D. Cartwright and A. Zander, Group Dynamics: Research and Theory, 2nd ed. (Elmsford, NY: Row, Paterson, 1960)
In conclusion, transactional and transformational leadership can be merged or used individually depending on various circumstances. However, they are partially correlated. In order to make the best use and get the desirable results out of these principles, leaders should attain a deep understanding of each theory as they are dissimilar in conducting. Moreover, an appropriate balance should be considered if leaders aim to integrate them together. In my point of view, either stand alone or combination usage would benefit to any organizations if the application of leaders was taken in proper situations.
What does it take to be an effective leader? This is something that has been asked many times over the course of human history. Some might say that having a strong personality and a commanding presence is needed in order to be a strong leader. Others might say that someone who stays on top of everything and keeps order is more effective as a leader. Everyone has their own opinion on this subject and in many regards, they are not wrong. Good quality leadership is something that is hard to possess and is not something everyone can do. Leadership is something that has been studied and analyzed many times, and from these studies, many theories have emerged from them. Each of these theories of leadership has their own benefits and can be useful