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Weaknesses approach of Qualitative Research
the disadvantages of discipline in the classroom
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Introduction Qualitative research proposes explanations for certain happenings and supports the theory based in the research question. Unlike quantitative data, which is computed and measured; qualitative data is collected in words, insights, perspectives, attitudes, and behaviors. Qualitative data is often used a support for the; explaining the statistical outcomes. The major weaknesses of qualitative research are more focused on the individuals; researcher and research subject. Subjectivity, influence of personal biases, and connection/lack thereof to research theory are all potential issues. Numbers can tell their own story, without a supporting narrative. Lastly, because of the need for evaluation; data analysis is more time consuming, which may influence reliability and integrity of research (Johnson, 2008). Purpose statement The purpose of this study is to use community participatory quality research approach using audio-visual materials such as interviews, surveys and videotapes (Creswell, 2009) to collect information about African- American students and their rate of disciplinary action and the effects. We would focus on families in Jacksonville, California; an area with a large African-American community and an urban education environment. The study will focus on encapsulating through (interview) capturing photo voice images and lived experiences on the perceptions of the factors that I as a Analysis of the data will take place in group discussions of the photo-voice (Ornelas, et al., 2009) data collected over a period of six months of recurring themes in scheduled discussion sessions. Research My research questions are: - What behaviors, exhibited by African American males, although not violent consistently cause them to be suspended from school and can they be curbed? - What is the correlation between disciplinary recidivism and graduation and eventually incarceration? - Are the systems in place to counteract the relationship between exclusionary zero tolerance discipline and drop-out rates? The data would require a survey and interview method that while difficult to test can easily qualified through anecdotal data. The truth in the story and the connections made lend to the reliability of the research; they are living these stories. This clearly would justify the viability of your questions. Qualitative research would be the most appropriate design to answer the research questions because students’ stories cannot be quantified. While the numbers may give light to what is happening and how discipline procedures occur at the school level and across the district. As an educator I can start with my school, reach out to administrators at other schools and parents as well.
Pure qualitative research uses the idea that there are multiple realities that may shift or evolve due to changes in events and situations. In one sense, qualitative researchers might, as Tanya R. Berry reported in “Qualitative researchers as modern day Sophists? Reflections on the qualitative-quantitative divide” (2011), say “there is no reality – just experience.” Thus, qualitative research studies may produce glimpses of the more slippery version of “truth” that quantitative research would never real. However, the more structured and disciplined constructs used by quantitative researchers may also be necessary to nail down the trends, opinions, and ideas revealed through qualitative
Qualitative research relies on subjective data to provide a deep understanding of the meaning of an event from the point of view of certain individuals (Lobiondo-Wood & Haber, 2014). In contrast, quantitative research uses an objective approach (Lobiondo-Wood
It is worthy to make a note that most of the students suspended and expelled in American schools are the African Americans who are ill-treated in school thus making their school life problematic. Out of 100% of students in American schools 63% of the students expelled are African Americans. Indeed, Blank et al (2004 p.108) argues that the big gap between African-American expulsion rates in comparison with other races is an indication of racial prejudice that is inherent in the American school system. Educational critics further argue that the American Educational system is particularly oppressive to the African-American child. They argue that most African-American children are expelled out of school because of minor crimes; crimes that would not lead to ex...
“Our belief in the American principles of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, for example, come into conflict with our growing awareness of the unfair treatment afforded Blacks and other people of color... racial minorities are often treated negatively and unfairly merely because of their group membership” (Howard, pg. 94) In other words, there continue to be inequalities between Whites and individuals of color to this day. Moreover, there are individuals, or privileged persons, who are still ignorant to the inequalities. This often leads to microaggressions. “The researchers reported that experience with microaggressions resulted in a negative racial climate and emotions of self-doubt, frustration, and isolation on the part of victims”(Sue, pg. 279). If students are led to feel this way after constant microaggressions, the reaction to perform poorly is understandable. A student’s environment is crucial to success, and if they are not in a safe or comfortable place where they can express themselves, this will reflect in their grades. Geoffrey Canada understood this issue, and that is why in his charter school he demands success and does not give the students excuses to not perform to the best of his or her
Qualitative research has gained significant recognition in the social science sphere with its holistic and purposeful pursuit in illuminating new areas for research lacking through quantitative research. (Carey, 2012; Cleary, Horsfall, & Hayter, 2014; Reeves, Kuper, & Hodges, 2008; Stevenson, Britten, Barry, Barber, & Bradley, 2000; Thyer, 2012). Qualitative research uses a variety of methodologies to explore an individual’s inner world, expand our understanding of a social phenomenon, and advance and discover new theories (Carey, 2012; Fortune, Reid, & Miller, 2013; Saldana, 2011; Thyer, 2012). Stevenson (2000) describes qualitative research as an in-depth investigation into the inner world of reasoning, decision-making and meaning. Furthermore, qualitative research takes into account the context and history that shapes presented information and ventures to understand participant’s experiences, thoughts, opinions, and feelings towards their social reality (Ivey, 2012; Nielsen, 2011; Thyer, 2012).
Quantitative and qualitative research methods are the two central methods for conducting research. Although there are both advantages and disadvantages to each of these research methods, many researchers decide to merely utilize one of the methods, without exploring the other method at all. This is a problem as these researchers only get to analyze their research from one point of view rather than from differing points of view. In other words, these researchers will solely rely on numbers and statistics or solely rely on interviews and observations. The researchers Bonta and Gendreau are open to utilizing both research methods, however, instead of simply using quantitative research methods. Conversely, the researchers Roberts and Jackson are
There are many elements involved in conducting a proper research. The two general types of research designs are qualitative and quantitative. These types of designs are different in many ways. Quantitative is an objective research typically focused on numerical data. Qualitative research is subjective research focused on narrative data. This paper further elaborates on many elements that separate quantitative research from qualitative research.
However, one of the common criticisms of quantitative approach is that it does not penetrate very deeply below the surface; breadth is often emphasized at the expense of depth. Such a weakness can be overcome by qualitative methodologies such as in-depth interviews or participant observation or accompanied interviews/journey. The quantitative approach involves mainly the use of questionnaires. The qualitative methods used to improve both the design and interpretation of traditional surveys such as the administration of questionnaires (Deakin, 2001) are in-depth interviews, participatory and non participatory observations techniques.
Central debates found in qualitative research are the issues of reliability and validity. Unlike quantitative studies, which provide statistical evidence as a method to ensure reliability and validity, qualitative studies provide a different lens with relation to ...
In the previous chapters I discussed the problem of the lack of healthy eating promotion programs in schools are leaving parents and students uneducated about how to purchase healthy items which is leading to childhood obesity. I also discussed how the problem is being addressed, as well as the theory of social constructionism. In this chapter, I will discuss the specific methodology I plan to use and the three different types of data collection I plan to employ to carry out my study. This study will use a qualitative approach to study and address the issue of the lack of healthy eating promotion in schools. The three types of data collection I plan to use are: direct observation, focus groups and a questionnaire. These methods will be clarified later in this chapter.
Thematic analysis is espoused to be the foundational approach to qualitative analysis and methods (Saunders et al., 2016 as stated in Braun and Clarke, 2006: 78) and it is a useful method used to identify and analyse the order and patterns of qualitative data (Attride-Stirling, 2001). Qualitative research method depicts the correlation that exists between data and events, creating the pictorial representation of what one thinks a given data says (Saunders et al., 2016). They also opined that, qualitative data analysis is cogent, interactive and iterative. Also, Joana and Jill (2011) and Saunders et al (2016) postulate that, qualitative research brings meanings from words and images as opposed to numbers. However, despite its robustness and rigour of its application, it is skewed more to the interpretivist ideologies since researchers draw conclusion from participants and the hypothesis being forecasted (Joana and Jill, 2011; Saunders et al., 2016).
Methods, which provide this type of data, include; interviews, observations as well as focus groups. The advantages of using Qualitative methods such as those listed previously is that they can produce “an extensive base of knowledge” to complex areas of research (Ulin et el. 2005, p.9) such as children’s behavior in school. Another advantage is it will often take place in a natural environment, thus making participants more likely to be more truthful and ther...
This essay intends to compare and contrast the strengths and weaknesses of the quantitative and qualitative approaches to research which addresses young people and bullying using two journal articles. The first article (quantitative) aims to “establish the relationship between recurrent peer victimisation and the onset of reported symptoms of anxiety or depression in the early teen years” (Bond et al. 2001, p. 480) while the second article (qualitative) aims to “investigate the nature of teenage girls’ indirect aggression” (Owens et al. 2000, p. 70).The two articles will be critically compared in terms of research design, methods used, approach to data analysis, reported results and the plausibility and appropriateness of the conclusions and recommendations posed. The aim of this essay is thus to evaluate and assess the methods of social science research currently undertaken in published research.
Qualitative data analysis is composed of document, observation, interviews, focus groups, and being able to discuss what is being found in each of the piece of data collected (Chenail, 2012). Qualitative data analysis can be viewed as understanding the analysis of data. For qualitative data to be successfully analyzed, the researcher must be able to maintain control of their study, be able analyze their study, analyze themselves, and be able to present this found data in various publications (Chenail, 2012).
Qualitative and quantitative research methods take different approaches to gathering and analysing information. Whether it is a qualitative or quantitative study, the research study begins with a question or series of questions. Both use rigorously designed studies to get the most accurate, detailed and complete results. Qualitative studies common methods are interviews, surveys and observation. A qualitative study aims to provide a detailed description of the study results, often using pictures and written descriptions to describe what the research revealed. A qualitative study looks at the big picture, helping researchers to narrow in on points of interest that then can be followed up on in a quantitative study. While a quantitative study has a narrower focus, it attempts to provide a detailed explanation of the study focus, along with this using numbers and statistics. And the results from a quantitative study can reveal bigger questions that call for qualitative study. Or vice versa a qualitative study may reveal at analysis that a more focus and direct approach may be needed. With both methods analysis is a key part of any study whether qualitative or quantitative.