Major Steps in Plant Tissue Culture

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The increasing in the world’s population nowadays has lead to the increase in the demand for food. It is being a priority for the crops and food industries to find a solution to this matter in order to produce high amount of food and provide good quality food for the consumers. This is where the technology of plant tissue culture steps in. As Lineberger (n.d) mentions, plant tissue culture can contributes to the agriculture industry in the future and give advantageous to the growers because the mass production of plant and crops can be produced in a short period of time using the tissue collected from single parent plant. He also include that the plant can be maintained and monitored in the regulated environment like greenhouse so that the reduction in crops production cause by the seasonal change can be avoided. Plant tissue culture is referring to the “aseptic culture of cells, tissue, organs, and their components under defined physical and chemical conditions in vitro” (Thorpe, 2006, p.9). According to Odutayo, Amusa, Okutade and Ogunsanwo (2007), single pieces of plant from the stem tip, node, meristem, embryo and seed can be used for the multiplication of plant and induces in the sterile medium for its growth. As elaborated by Reed (n.d), there are three important steps involved in plant tissue culture namely preparation of explant, multiplication and transplanting (refer to Figure 1 in Appendix 1).
The first step is preparation of explant. Explant is the process to transfer the piece of tissue taken from the mother plant and place them in a tissue culture medium (Reed, n.d.). Hussey (1986) reported that “tissues such as shoot or meristem-tips normally have an adequate covering of leaves or scales to prot...

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Reed, D. W. (n.d). Cloning plants: Tissue culture. Retrieved from http://hort201.tamu.edu/YouthAdventureProgram/TisueCulture/TissueCulture.html.
Sadhu, M. K. (1989). Plant propagation. New Delhi, India: New Age International Publisher.
Smith, R. H. (2013). Plant tissue culture: Technique and experiments (3rd ed.). San Diego, CA: Elsevier.
Street, H. E. (1973). Laboratory organization. In H. E. Street (Ed.), Plant tissue and cell culture (pp. 11-30). Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.
Takahashi, N. (1986). Chemistry of plant hormones. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Thorpe, T. R. (2006). History of plant tissue culture. In V. M. Loyola-Vargas & F. Vazquez-Flota (Eds.), Plant cell culture protocols (p.9). Totowa, NJ: Humana Press.

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