Love: A Complex Mix of Chemistry, Psychology, Culture and Emotion

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Love is by far one of the most talked about, written about, expressed and implied feelings in the human array of emotions. The Beatles told us that “love is all you need”. Dr. Theodor Geisel, best known under the pseudonym Seuss, stated that “When you are in love you can't fall asleep because reality is better than your dreams.” Douglas Adams gave us a dry warning in his book The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, stressing that, in terms of love, “Avoid, if at all possible.” With all the artists, poets, writers, philosophers, scientists, and thinkers of the world giving us conflicting and equally meaningful views of love, can it really be explained? Love is loosely defined as “strong affection for another arising out of kinship or personal ties” and, indeed, there are aspects of this complex emotion that can be pinpointed and discussed on all three levels of psychological analysis, from cognition to physiology to the sociocultural aspects of love.

Biologically, love spurs a plethora of neurotransmitters and hormones which, when all present simultaneously, can explain the sensations of passionate love. Passionate love can be broken down into two components- attachment and sexual attraction. The attachment between lovers has been compared to that which develops between a child and a parents, presumably working in the same basic pattern. The neurotransmitters responsible for sexual attraction are adrenaline, serotonin, and dopamine. Adrenaline is responsible for the effects of the initial stages of falling in love, such as sweating, being unable to breathe, having your heart race, and a dry mouth. Dopamine, a chemical which stimulates desire and reward, is also active, initiating an intense rush of pleasure to th...

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...ture, which places value on the individual’s emotions and wellbeing, versus a collective society which values the group. In an individualistic society, love tended to be a substantially more considered factor in marriage decisions. Along with these findings, the studies also showed that love tended to be more valued in societies with a higher economic standard of living, as well as higher marriage and divorce rates. Various studies have also shown higher rates of romanticism among different cultures. For example, Simmons, Vom Volke, & Shimizu, 1986, found that Europeans tend to have more romantic ideals than Americans. They also found that American subjects scored higher in romanticism than Japanese subjects. Another study of North American and Chinese participants showed that Chinese subjects ranked higher on practical love and possessive love than North Americans.

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