Baking Soda and Vinegar: Limiting Reactant Lab Background The limiting reactant of a chemical reaction is the substance that places an upper bound on the amount of product that the reaction can produce. The limiting reactant places this upper bound because the reaction must stop once all of the limiting reactant is consumed. If the relative amount of reactants is altered, then the limiting reactant may change accordingly. For example, a balanced chemical equation of a certain reaction specifies that an equal number of moles of two substances A and B is required. If there are more moles of B than of A, then A is the limiting reactant because it is completely consumed when the reaction stops and there is an excess of B left over. Increasing the amount of A until there are more moles of A than of B, however, will cause B to become the limiting reactant because the complete consumption of B, not A, forces the reaction to cease. Purpose How does increasing the amount of baking soda affect the amount of carbon dioxide produced? Hypothesis If the amount of baking soda is increased, then the amount of carbon dioxide produced will also increase up to a certain point, at which the amount of carbon dioxide will remain constant because the vinegar has become the new limiting reactant. Materials Reaction container, such as 500 mL vacuum flask with stopper Tubing to connect flask to gas collection set up 1000 mL graduated cylinder Gas collection box Baking soda Vinegar Water Balance Scoop Procedure 1.Mass out desired amount of baking soda. Each subsequent trial will use one gram more. 2.Put baking soda into reaction vessel. 3.Measure 40 mL vinegar. 4.Completely fill 1000 mL graduated cylinder with water. Half fill the ... ... middle of paper ... ...e data quality. Furthermore, using a graduated cylinder with markings below the 100 mL line would have allowed for more accurate measurements of the initial volume of air in the graduated cylinder. In addition, the data points were quite far apart. Having more intermediate data points would have enabled the scientists to more accurately model the continuous nature of the data with a discontinuous series of points. Finally, stopping the flask more quickly would have allowed less gas to escape. Using a mechanical solution that could stop nearly instantly would have been ideal. The most important concept that should be taken from this lab is that the limiting reactant restricts the amount of product possible from a reaction. Increasing the amounts of other reactants will not increase the amount of product, but increasing the amount of the limiting reactant will.
The first part of the experiment was to measure an amount of baking soda to start out with. For the first and second time we performed the experiment we used 1 g of
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is a colorless gas, which was first discovered in 1577 by Van Helmont who detected it in the products of both fermentation and charcoal burning. CO2 is used in solid, liquid, and gas forms in a variety of industrial processes. These include: beverage carbonation, dry ice, welding and chemicals manufacturing. It is produced by the combustion of all carbonaceous fuels and can be recovered in an abundance of ways. It is widely used today as a by-product of synthetic ammonia production, fermentation, and from flue gases by absorption process. CO2 is also a product of animal metabolism and is important in the life cycles of plants and animals. It is present in the atmosphere only in small quantities (.03% by vol.)
The goal of this lab is to apply principles of the ideal gas law to solve for n or the number of moles carbon dioxide produced, and compare the amount found using the ideal gas law to the actual amount. In order to complete this lab it's necessary to understand the apparatus below. By filling the Erlenmeyer flask completely full with water the mass of CO2 gas in the top of the flask can be determined. Since the combination of sodium bicarbonate and oxalic acid produces CO2 gas, this gas then moves from the gas generation bottle into the tube connected to the pneumatic trough. This gas then moves through the hole in the trough into the Erlenmeyer flask. The gas rises to the top and then pushes the water down and out. By measuring
...he experiment consisted of two jars, one jar was filled with vinegar and the other jar had bicarbonate soda and vinegar in it. The bi-carb soda caused the temperature to rise. This is concerning because the sea temperatures are also rising. Healthy sea temperature is vital to reef building and controls the speed of coral reef development. Escalating sea temperature is endangering distribution and diversity of marine life.
Carbon dioxide is necessary for plants to carry out the process of photosynthesis, which is an important process because it allows plants to produce glucose, as well as oxygen. Based on evidence from previous experiments, the growth of the plant will reflect the amount of CO2 gas that is present in the environment (O’Leary and Knecht 1986). This means that the plant growth relies on the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in order to be successful. Therefore, in several cases, it has been noted that when the concentration of CO2 is doubled, the plant growth will similarly increase (Carter et al. 1997). So, it can be concluded that by raising the amount of carbon dioxide in an environment, the surrounding plants will experience an increase in growth.
Increasing amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere causes global warming which can lead to climate change (Jamieson). Australia's major problem that they are facing now is climate change (Jamieson). Climate change is an ...
t = time, a = volume of reactant, k is a constant of proportionality; x is the order of reaction. Because k is a constant of proportionality 1/t is directly proportional to the rate of reactant. Then to find out the order of reaction in a catalysed system the volume of ammonia molbydate is varied and the concentration of the other reactants kept the same. Thirdly to investigate the activation energies, the concentrations are kept the same and the temperature is varied.
Investigating How the Concentration of Hydrochloric Acid Affects the Rate of Reaction with Calcium Carbonate
The Environmental Issues Raised by the Disturbance of the Natural Balance in the Level of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide
When you mix baking soda and vinegar you get what’s called a chemical reaction. A chemical reaction is the process by which one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances (blue book). In this case, you would be mixing an acid and a base. The tw...
Chemical kinetics is the study and examination of chemical reactions regarding re-arrangement of atoms, reaction rates, effect of various variables, and more. Chemical reaction rates, are the rates of change in amounts or concentrations of either products or reactants. Concentration of solutions, surface area, catalysts, temperature and the nature of reactants are all factors that can influence a rate of reaction. Increasing the concentration of a solution allows the rate of reaction to increase because highly concentrated solutions have more molecules and as a result the molecules collide faster. Surface area also affects a
The amount of CO2 in a planet's atmosphere affects the temperature of the planet. As more and more CO2 builds up in the atmosphere, less heat can escape and the planet gets hotter. The CO2 traps radiation from the sun like a greenhouse. This is called global warming or the greenhouse effect. Global warming is becoming a serious problem and CO2 is the major cause. The earth is now warmer than it has been in 1000's of years. The amount of CO2 deposited in the earth's atmosphere from human activities is expected to double by the year 2050. It could possible increase by four in the future with developing countries, such as China, anxious to improve their standard of living.
During the last century, burning of fossil fuels like coal and oil has increased the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide. This happens because the coal or oil burning process combines carbon with oxygen in the air to make CO2. To a lesser extent, the clearing of land for agriculture, industry, and other human activities has increased concentrations
causing more carbon dioxide to be released into the atmosphere. Once this process starts, it is
The molecular formula of carbon dioxide is CO2. Carbon dioxide is a naturally produced nontoxic gas that has no smell. Carbon Dioxide is the most abundant greenhouse gas on the planet next to water vapor. In solid form it is commonly known as dry ice. It is a gas that is mandatory to the survival of most, if not all, living organisms on this planet. Terrestrial animals naturally create carbon dioxide in their lungs when the breathe out Humans alone do not physically or directly need carbon dioxide to survive though. Humans need carbon dioxide to survive because it feeds the plants which produce oxygen for us to breathe. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere also allows for a warmer temperature so that conditions on Earth allow it to be inhabitable. Today we hear that carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is becoming a problem even though it is a naturally occurring gas. This is because humans have been interfering with the natural cycle of carbon dioxide.