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The Life and Accomplishments of Louis Pasteur
According to the Encyclopedia Britannica (2013) Louis Pasteur was both a chemist and a microbiologist. This human was a man of many great accomplishments who made many contributions to the field of science, technology and medicine. Louis Pasteur was a pioneer of his field and should be greatly respected. Without his contributions we would not have many of the cures to some of the most deadly viruses and diseases. We would also not be able to enjoy a lot of the food and drinks that we consume daily without the threat of possibly becoming sick. Just a few of Pasteur’s contributions are the creation of pasteurization and the creations of vaccines to combat Rabies and the Anthrax disease. Louis Pasteur is a man of many accomplishments and is one of the biggest names in medical and scientific history. He’s benefited the world by his vaccinations and his creations of pasteurization alike.
Louis Pasteur was born in the country of France in the year of 1822. According to Biography.com (2013) “his father, Jean-Joseph Pasteur, was a tanner and a sergeant major”. It is said that his father’s strict manner was the reason for Pasteur’s consistency in what he did. In early grade school Pasteur wasn’t anything more than the average student. It wasn’t until Louis Pasteur went to the Royal College of Besancon that his true gift began to show. In the year of 1842 Pasteur received his Bachelors in Science. According to BBC (2013) Louis Pasteur received his Doctorates degree from the École Normale University in the city of Paris, France. After Pasteur finished his degrees he went on to be a teacher while completing his research. BBC (2013) states that Pasteur taught at both Dijon and Strasbourg where he...
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... he could find a stable one. After a lot of research and experimenting Pasteur came to the realization that over time, injecting the vaccine numerous times had actually began to kill the infectious microbes. This was the beginning of inactivated vaccines. After many years of testing, Pasteur decided it was time to try out his vaccine on a human. According to Encyclopedia Britannica (2013.), Pasteur tried out his vaccine on a little boy who had been bitten by a dog with rabies in the year of 1885. His attempt was extremely successful and Pasteur’s name was spread all over the world. The vaccine was used to treat many other victims of the rabies disease and saved many lives. Without this vaccine many people would have and would continue to die from Rabies without any chance at all. This vaccine was one of the biggest accomplishments for the world of medicine to date.
"Rabies Vaccine: MedlinePlus Drug Information." U.S National Library of Medicine. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 01 Nov. 2009. Web. 15 Feb. 2014. .
The first discovery was made in 1952, in the developing field of virology. Virology is the study of viruses and how they behave. To develop the vaccines for the viruses, researchers infected the HeLa cells with many types of infections, such as measles, mumps, and the infamous poliomyelitis virus, also known as Polio. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), whose mission is to save lives and protect people’s health security, Polio is a "crippling and potentially deadly infectious disease caused by a virus that spreads from person to person invading the brain and spinal cord and causing paralysis" (Freeman). Jonas Salk, who was a virologist at the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis (NFIP), used inactivated viruses (virus particles grown in culture and then killed by a form of heat) to create a polio vaccine. Salk drew blood from about two million children, which the NFIP checked for immunization.Through the collection of many HeLa cells and trial and error, the polio vaccine wa...
“Renoir’s particular ambition was to paint works in joyful hues from which all trace of narrative is excluded” 1, quotes Jean LeyMarie author of Renoir; And truer words about Renoir’s work can not be spoken. Pierre-Auguste Renoir was a French born painter whose collaborations with other notable artists, among them Manet, Delacroix, and Monet 2, helped to influence and shape the budding Impressionist movement. The renowned painter began his humble upbringing in Limoges, France in 1841; The son of a tailor, his parents found him work with a porcelain decorator, which was the beginning of his lengthy career as an artist, and perhaps were his passion for translucent and luscious colors were established 3. While Renoir is well known for his paintings of women, couples, and various other human subjects, his work on flowers is equally as impressive. The work this essay will discuss is the painting Chrysanthemums, painted in 1881-82. Currently located in the Ryerson Collection in Gallery 201 of the Art Institute of Chicago.
...at in domestic animals, which indicates wild animals cause a higher risk to humans. Controlling the disease in susceptible wild free-ranging animal populations is implemented by oral vaccination and recombinant rabies vaccine by use of vaccine-containing bait. The best prevention is decreasing chances to expose to the disease. Once a patient is suspected as a rabies case, the physician and local health administrator should decide whether infection actually occurs and whether a risk of rabies exists in the geographic area. Once the identification is completed, the patient should receive post-exposure prophylaxis immediately, which contains the combination of local wound cleansing, human rabies immune globulin (HRIG) and rabies vaccine. The population such as veterinarians, animal handlers that have higher risk to be infected should receive pre-exposure immunization.
Gustave Eiffels was born in France in the Côte-d’Or, in 1832. He attended the Collège Sainte-Barbe in Paris to prepare him for the very difficult standards set by engineering colleges in France. Due to his hard work and the mentorship received by his uncle, Jean-Baptiste Mollerat, he gained access to some of the most prestigious school. He entered Ècole Centrale des Arts et Manufactures where he specialized in chemistry and
Salk’s research led him to create a vaccine different from any other by using 3 different kind of killed polio virus. In an article it says,”Using formaldehyde, Salk killed the poliovirus, but kept it intact enough to trigger the necessary immune response”(Salk’s institute 1). Salk 's decision to create a vaccine out of inactivated virus was not the strongest protector, but was made strong enough to cure and lower the risk of infection within patients. It was one of the first times someone attempted to take a completely opposite approach than what scientist thought was best. As he said in an interview, “ ‘The principle I was trying to establish was that it was not necessary to run the risk of infection, which would have been the case if one were to try to develop an attenuated or weekend polio virus vaccine’ ”( Salk 2). By taking the risk of creating a vaccine that contradicted what a normal vaccine, was it helped give the United States another weapon to fight back polio without exposing americans to the risk of contracting the disease. His different approach to find a remedy may have been looked down on, but it provided the first protection ever for polio which created hope and has contributed to less fatalities today. Scientists in the medical world began to criticize Salk’s vaccine and gave preference to a polio vaccine that was later created by Sabin out of a live polio virus. Medical professionals saw Salk’s vaccine as useless and thought Sabin’ s vaccine was the best alternative. "the oral polio vaccine also came under attack in the united states for causing eight in ten cases of polio every year”( poliomyelitis 4). Sabin’s vaccine may have been stronger but at least Salk’s never provided a risk of the patients being injected run a risk of being infected again. Salk’s vaccine has provided less risk of a patient to relapse into polio again.
The chemist I have chosen is Antoine Laurent Lavoisier. As you might know, he was a fabulous chemist. Antoine Lavoisier is famous for formulating the theory of the chemical reactivity of oxygen. He also co-authored the modern system for the nomenclature of chemical substances. I have chosen this chemist because he is not one of those people that boast about all their accomplishments, but his achievements are crucial to science development. Antoine kept his accomplishments to himself. All of his achievements are fascinating to me. In this biography, I will be talking about his background, main accomplishments, and my opinion about his interesting story.
Louis Pasteur was born December 271822 in Dole, France. When he was five, his family moved to Arbois, France. He attended college in Paris and received a Doctor of Science degree in 1847. He began teaching chemistry at the University of Strasbourg, where he met his wife, Marie Laurent, who shared Pasteur’s interest in science. Marie and Pasteur married in 1849 and had five children, two of which survived to adulthood. Pasteur eventually went on to instruct chemistry and became dean of the school of science at the University of Lille.
Louis Pasteur could easily be considered one of the greatest patrons of humankind his work in the discovery of vaccinations for rabies, anthrax, chicken cholera and silkworm diseases contributed greatly to society (Rhee, 2014). Pasteur’s accomplishments point to singular brilliance and determination of Pasteur's nature. His work aided in developing medicines in areas such as stereochemistry, microbiology, bacteriology, virology, immunology, and molecular biology. Furthermore, his work has safeguarded millions of people from disease through vaccination and pasteurization (Rhee, 2014).
Pierre - Auguste Renoir painted several paintings, very few being self portraits. There are three main portraits Pierre created of himself. While there are some differences between Renoir's self portraits, there are far more similarities. Like his color palette, his clothes, the style, and his passion. Renoir had an obsession over his brown trench coat and his white hat. He wore it in most of his self portraits. The coat hid his disability and the hat helped to shade his face from the world.
Eiffel went to College Sainte-Barbe in Paris so that he may prepare for the entrance exams to the engineering colleges that he wanted to go to. Because his scores were not good enough, Eiffel couldn’t go to Ecole Polytechnique so instead he went to Ecole Centrale des Arts et Manufactures in Paris. He chose to specialize in chemistry in his second year. He graduated 13th of the 80 candidates in 1855.
Rabies, literally meaning “furious” in Latin, is commonly known throughout the ages for its terrifying effects on both humans and animals alike. Because the disease is fatal, people throughout the world have put greatest effort to find ways of controlling and preventing the disease. Natural remedies and protection amulets were used until Pasteur’s discovery of the vaccine. Based on those findings, people have altered techniques to make the vaccine. However, recently, there have been two particular cases concerning rabies. One woman survived the disease by an induced coma without receiving the vaccine. Another case a common organ donor infected with rabies killed all the recipients. These medical mysterious surprised many scientist even today.
Louis Pasteur was a famous scientist throughout the 1800s. He is known for his advancements in vaccination, microbial fermentation, and pasteurization. He is also known for his breakthroughs concerning disease prevention. He had a wide range of discoveries and advancements, these can be traced by going through the main points in his lifetime which were: his early life, professional career, research contributions of the Germ Theory, contributions to immunology and vaccination, and the honors and wards he received for all of his achievements.
Jonas Salk M.D. developed the polio vaccine. Salk's vaccine was composed of a "killed" polio virus. This virus kept the ability to immunize while preventing the infection of the patient. Later a "live" vaccine was developed from the live polio virus. This "live" vaccine could be administered orally as opposed to the "killed" vaccine which required an injection. There was some evidence that the "killed" vaccine didn't completely eliminate the virus in the patient. United States public health authorities decided to distribute the oral "live" vaccine to eliminate the polio virus instead of Salk's "killed" vaccine. Unfortunately, the "live" vaccine infected some people instead of immunizing. Countries that used Salk's "killed" vaccine have nearly eradicated the virus.
Louis Pasteur was one of the most important scientists of our time. The foundation of our knowledge about health and disease comes from the discoveries of this one man. He made many discoveries and solutions for problems of the every day life that are still in effect today.