The quote by Pope John Paul II was held during the World Youth Day. It was meant to inspire young minds to have a greater belief in life and hopefully to be better person, by telling them that every person has something to offer in society and in history. No man is an iceberg drifting on the ocean of history, this speaks to me in a big way since as a youth you feel underappreciated or lost sometimes and the message implies that God has something plan for every single person in the world and it is up to you to follow it or to dismiss it. “Life is a talent entrusted to us so that we can transform it and increase it, making it a gift to other (1996).” Joan of Arc and Catherine of Siena, these two are both great examples that life is in fact a talent that is entrusted and that it is our duty to mold it and be a gift for others. They both said that they encountered visions and voices with Christ and Michael the Archangel, St. Margaret and St. Catherine of Alexandria .The voices that they heard was their motivation to do God’s mission for them. Joan of Arc eventually, became the reason the French army revolted against the English. St. Catherine is, now, known for her simple act of sacrifice and kindness for the sick and the poor. Both are now being praised with their strong admiration and love for God. In other words, both followed God’s plan accordingly therefore were bless and now are respected. “No Man is an iceberg drifting on the ocean of history (1996).” Peter Munroe, a hermit, made an impact in history, especially in the Avignon papacy. You would think that a person who spent most of his life in a cave would not be a part of history however his death was one of the reasons why Boniface VIII died, which eventuall... ... middle of paper ... ...or WYD,” Received in October 14, 2011, http://www.madrid11.com/en/camino/texts-of-the-holy-father/66 Peter Armenio, The History of the Church: The Lay Investiture Controversies (Midwest Theological Forum, October 2005) pp. 305-313 Peter Armenio, “A Century of Suffering: Plague, War and Schism,” in The History of the Church (Midwest Theological Forum, October 2005) p. 397 – 410 Peter Armenio, “The Crusades, Military Orders, and The Inquisition,” in The History of the Church, (Midwest Theological Forum, October 2005) p.325 - 347 Peter Armenio, “Collapse, Corruption, and Reform in Europe and the Church,” in The History of the Church, (Midwest Theological Forum, October 2005) p.296 - 316 Peter Armenio, “The High Middle Ages: Scholastic Development and the Flowering of Culture,” in The History of the Church, (Midwest Theological Forum, October 2005), p.363
"Inquisition." In New Catholic Encyclopedia, edited by Berard L. Marthaler, 485-491. Detroit: Thomson Gale, 2003.
Catherine of Siena and Joan of Arc were small lapses in this model, since they did not come to power by wealth or economic status. Although they share many similarities, they have a few differences. Joan and Catherine stood out among millions of women and challenged the system of the time. Catherine of Siena was said to have received visions of Jesus, telling her to be kind to others and help the poor and sick. She was incredibly religious and did everything possible to help people at every turn. She also played a major role in moving the papacy from Avignon back to Rome. This made her very influential to others, and she gained a following. Joan and Catherine were incredibly similar in the ways that they gained fame through their visions, however, they differed in the motives that they had for their actions. Catherine went on to help many people in need, and was eventually made a saint of the Catholic Church. Her actions of kindness and grace ranked her in religious
Carleton- Munro, Dana. The Speech of Pope Urban II. At Clermont, 1095. The American Historical Review. 11. no. 2 (1906): 231.
Scourtis, C. "Eastern Schism." In New Catholic Encyclopedia, 2nd ed., 22-27. Vol. 5. Detroit: Gale, 2003. Accessed February 24, 2014. go.galegroup.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/ps/i.do?action=interpret&id=GALE%7CCX3407703504&v=2.1&u=vic_liberty&it=r&p=GVRL&sw=w&authCount=1.
A 16th-century movement in Western Europe that aimed at reforming some doctrines and practices of the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the establishment of the Protestant churches. The world of the late medieval Roman Catholic Church from which the 16th-century reformers emerged was a complex one. Over the centuries, the church, particularly in the office of the papacy, had become deeply involved in the political life of Western Europe. The resulting intrigues and political manipulations, combined with the church’s increasing power and wealth, contributed to the bankrupting of the church as a spiritual force.
In the early stages of Catherine's life the surfacing modern age was bringing with it social turmoil which spread throughout Europe (Giordani 3). During Catherine's lifetime, according to Mary Ann Sullivan in her essay “St. Catherine of Siena,” the center of Catholic rule fluctuated between Rome and Avignon and contributed to a schism between popes in Italy and France (1). Catherine was born 23rd in a line of 25 children and, according to Sullivan “even at a young age, [she] sensed the troubled society around her and wanted to help” (1). While her parents were not exceptionally religious, St. Catherine's biographer Blessed Raymond of Capua discusses Catherine's early zeal for Catholic practices: “When she was about five she learned the Hail Mary, and repeated it over and over again as often as she could…she was inspired by heaven to address the Blessed Virgin in this way whenever she went up and down stairs, stopping to kneel on each step as she did so” (24). Her devotion to the Virgin Mary would become especially important in a vision she had around this time while walking with her brother to visit one of her sisters.
McManners, John. "The Oxford History of Christianity." The Oxford History of Christianity. New York: New York Oxford Press, 2002. 28.
Theological Context." Reformation & Renaissance Review: Journal of The Society For Reformation Studies 7, no. 2/3: 337-346. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed March 24, 2014).
The Military Orders, including the Templars and Hospitallers, were created to protect pilgrims on the route to Jerusalem, but grew into ranks of professional soldiers with a great presence in the East, answerable to the Papacy. These orders “grew rapidly and acquired castles at strategic points in the kingdom and northern states. […] They were soon established in Europe as well, they became international organizations, virtually independent, sanctioned and constantly supported by the papacy” (Madden). The Pope possessed, for the first time, a dedicated military force in Europe. These two outcomes indicate the growth of the Church’s power as a result of the First Crusade, and support the proposition that the Papacy intended it as a way for advancing its political and economic position.
Shawna Herzog, History 101-1, Class Lecture: 11.2 Society in the Middle Ages, 27 March 2014.
The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved February 21, 2010 from New Advent: http://www.newadvent.org
Harrison, Everett F. Interpreting Acts the Expanding Church. Grand Rapids: Academic Books, 1997. 151-52. Print.
Gonzalez, Justo L. 1984. The early church to the dawn of the Reformation. San Francisco: Harper & Row.
Church History in Plain Language is written by Bruce L. Shelley. This work focuses on the history of Christianity from 6 B.C. to the current period. It covers some of Christianity’s greatest events, theologians, and the various subsection of Christianity. Other than the events leading up to the death of Jesus, I had very little knowledge of Christianity’s history. After reading through the book, I have gained understanding on the Christian Councils, scholasticism, Christendom, and modern trends of Christianity.
Ullmann, Walter. A Short History of the Papacy in the Middle Ages. 2nd ed. New York City, NY: Routledge, 2003.