At the time of using wireless internet at any place whether it is own or stealing from others, one has probably gotten frustrated because of slow speed of internet when more devices are connected to a single router. Due to increasing of internet users exponentially, Radio Spectrum is congested but the demand for wireless data double each year. Dr. Harald Haas has come up with a solution for this he calls “Data through illumination”. Light Fidelity is a new class of high intensity light source of solid state design bringing clean lighting solutions to general and specialty lighting. Li-Fi is now part of the VLC as is implemented using white LED light bulbs. Data transmission takes place from this LED bulb by vary the current at extremely high speeds which undetectable by the human eye.
I. INTRODUCTION
Dr. Harald Haas was coined the term Li-Fi and also promoted Li-Fi in his 2011 TED Global talk by giving demonstration of an LED bulb to transmit a video with the speed more than 10Mbps. In simple terms, Li-Fi can be thought of as a Wi-Fi based on light as it uses light instead of radio waves to transmit information. Instead of Wi-Fi modems or routers, Li-Fi uses transceiver-fitted LED lamps that can be used as a light or for transmission of the data.
This technology uses a visible spectrum and has not major ill effect as we know that the light is very much part of our lives. Moreover in this spectrum 10,000 times more space is available and it also multiplies to 10,000 times more availability as a light bulb available already.
The figure-1 shows the environment with the Li-Fi technology where light bulbs are used as communication medium.
Figure 1: Environment with LI FI Technology
II. WORKING TECHNOLOGY
Li-Fi is implemented using...
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...n be put into practical use, every bulb used to transmit a data and will lead toward the cleaner, greener, safer and brighter future. Li-Fi may solve issues such as the shortage of radio-frequency bandwidth and is aimed at creating new communication channel with the use of existing equipment. The concept of Li-Fi is currently attracting a great deal of interest, not least because it may offer a genuine and very efficient alternative to radio-based wireless.
Works Cited
[1] An article on Li-Fi appeared in The Economist (Jan 28th 2012): Visible-light Communication: Tripping the light fantastic - http://www.economist.com/node/21543470
[2] International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, ISSN 0973-4562 Vol.7 No.11 (2012) © Research India Publications
[3] http://www.lificonsortium.org
[4] http://www.ripublication.com/ijaer.htm
[5] http://oledcomm.com/lifi.html
Wireless begins with a brief discussion of the 1995 centennial of the invention of radio by Marconi and a rebuttal by the British historians who oppose this claim. Using underused or previously overlooked or perhaps ignored resources the author disproves the claims against the originality and ingenuity of Marconi's 1897 patent on wireless telegraphy. While credit is given to several British scientists and engineers and their scientific discoveries and inventions, it was Marconi, a practitioner, who made the first significant breakthrough in practical wireless telegraphy when he "connected one end of the plate of the receiver, and one end of the transmitter, to the earth" (p. 20). Marconi transformed these scientific effects into wireless technologies and then exploited them for commercial purposes. The focus of British scientists and engineers on optical analogies, scientific experimentation and demonstration, and the fear of British national interests becoming monopolized (particularly by a foreigner) are the primary reasons for the dispute surrounding Marconi's patent. (By 1897 it was clear how wireless telegraphy would impact military interests.) The author shows in great detail how British scientists and engineers, namely physicist Oliver Lodge, J. J. Thomson, Minchin, Rollo Appleyard, and Campbell Swinton, deliberately constructed false scientific and social claims to discredit the originality of Marconi's patent.
It is hard for our new generations to live with no light. They have been used to artificial light since they were born. Even though, in the older times people had more children but they still used candles. Cutting down completely on all artificial light would be great, but that’s impossible to happen. Technology is going to keep improving. However, if we don’t stop and try to cut down on some of the lighting we use, there will be consequences. Our upcoming generations might not be able to see stars in the sky anymore.
WISP is the next generation of wireless internet and the leader in wireless technologies for tribal community, school, business, and entertainment. The new WISP business will employ top of the line products and provides exceptional technical and unmatched services exceeding those of traditional service providers, such as Comcast, AT&T, and Direct TV. The tribal WISP will enable people in rural communities to be connected to mainstream media and level the playing field. This, in turn, will provide economic development opportunities and will improve their quality of life for the Tachi Yokut
Rogers Communication started with a vision that "radio is an electric pipeline" by Edward S. Rogers, Sr. In 1925 Mr. Rogers, Sr. invented the world's first alternating "current (AC) radio tube."1 The radio tube was a huge break through in communication technology and in radio reception, and as a result of the invention; radios became common medium of communication.
Light bulbs have helped American agriculture grow because they are currently used to keep small animals, like baby chickens, warm. Doing this can keep the baby chicken alive without its mother to keep it warm. We are now allowed to buy chickens and raise them easier and more efficiently.
All forms of commerce will benefit from fibre optic connectivity as it will lower the cost of communication, which is a vital part of any business. New opportunity for the growth of the data market will emerge as cheaper bandwidth should translate to more users.
Fiber optic technology has opened the door to many more communication opportunities for the world today. It provides higher fidelity long distance telephone conversations, as well as secure communication systems. Today, more than 90% of the United States long-distance traffic is already carried over optical fiber; more than 15 million miles have been installed, virtually all of it using the original design.
The perception layer includes a group of Internet-enabled devices that are able to perceive, detect objects, gather information, and exchange information with other devices through the Internet communication networks. Radio Frequency Identification Devices (RFID), cameras, sensors, Global Positioning Systems (GPS) are some examples of perception layer devices. Forwarding data from the perception layer to the application layer under the constraints of devices’ capabilities, network limitation and the applications’ constraints is the task of the network layer. IOT systems use a combination of short-range networks communication
Wi-Fi (Wireless Network) or 802.11 networking is a phenomenal way of providing Internet wirelessly at a low cost. Using radio waves, a wireless network connects a PC, mobile phone or just about anything that connects to the internet wirelessly by a router. By transmitting signals at 2.4 or 5 GHz it allows the waves to transmit more data at a faster rate. Typical Wi-Fi standards are 802.11a, b, g, n, or ac and they can switch up the frequency depending on the model (Brain). Families can create their own wireless network that can be shared between family members without the use of hooking all their devices up to the modem and can also protect their home network from potential hackers with the use of a TKIP or AES encryption. Businesses can also create a “hotspot” which is an area that has wireless networks for free or at a set fee. This is extremely convenient for commuters that need internet access while they are at work, waiting on a plane, or just sitting at a coffee spot without the need for wires(Cox).
Mirabito, Michael M.A; and Morgenstern, Barbara L., The New Communications Technologies: Applications, Policy, and Impact, 5th. Edition. Focal Press, 2004.
Light bulb is one of the most influential inventions in the word. It makes us work more productive at night and helps us enjoy more activities at night. It significantly change people lives all over the world. The born of light bulb also helped us by making more inventions that related to light, such as phones, televisions, and computes. By using light bulb, we actually reduced the probability of having fire accidents because if we don’t have light bulb, we will use candles instead which can cause fire easily. There are a lot more benefits we get from light bulb, and all of these are credited to Thomas Alva Edison.
Fiber optics is a new technology that uses rays of light instead of electricity to transmit information over optical fibers at very high speeds. The optical fibers are usually thin strands of glass that are combined into cables and used to send information and computer data in the form of pulses of light. The optical fibers provide much clearer transmission than conventional copper cable and satellite links. The world market for optical fiber continues to grow rapidly, with shipments increasing 14 percent from an estimated 7.0 million kilometers of fiber in 1990 to approximately 8.0 million in 1991. The demand for multimode fiber is predicted to continue to expand through the mid-1990s, with some market analysts indicating that 15 to 20 percent annual growth over the next three years is reasonable. Strong demand is expected for singlemode and multimode fiber to be used in cables for local area networks, telecommunications, cable television (CATV), and transoceanic fiber-optic systems.
There is a cricket maxim, "To save a run is to make a run." I am a diehard fan of cricket and the stated adage has set the academic and professional directions of my career. My country is grasped by a serious energy crisis that is impinging on the entire economy and society. Electricity shortfall across the country has surged over the years. During maximum countrywide temperatures, demand strikes peak and we experience continuous power outages. Regular power cuts aspired me to explore efficient electric power generation and conservation schemes. A major segment of electricity is exploited for lighting purposes. An estimated ten percent of the annual energy consumption in Pakistan could be saved by adopting solid-state lighting (SSL) for illumination.
Laurence, Clifford. The Laser Book: A New Technology of Light. New York: Prentice Hall, 1986.
The present technology has found its use in almost every sector making the industries, businesses and institutions to use it for their daily activities since it brings a lot of benefits.