They say opposites attract or does it? According to the American Psychology Association, about 40 to 50 percent of married couples in the United States divorce. For decades, researchers have been striving to identify factors that lead to marital satisfaction (1997). One factor that we usually overlook is our own self, specifically our personality. The link between personality and martial satisfaction has received much attention. Personality forms an individual’s characteristic and will be theorized by the “Five Big Personality model.” These personalities consist of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness. Each of these five personality traits describes the intensity of a person's feelings, thoughts, or behaviors. Everyone possesses these traits to a greater or lesser degree. These traits can be used to determine martial satisfaction among …show more content…
Participants were selected at random and asked to complete NEO FFI (Neuroticism- Extroversion-Openness Five-Factor Inventory). NEO FFI is a personality test which is based on the five-factor personality model and is used to examine an individual’s personality. After they take the NEO, they are then asked to take ENRICH (Evaluation and Nurturing Relationship Issues, Communication and Happiness). ENRICH is a questionnaire for married couples used to test marital satisfaction. The results indicate that there were some significant relations among three of the personality; neuroticism, extroversion and conscientiousness. The one that had the most effect on marriage satisfaction was neuroticism. Neuroticism had a negative impact on marital satisfaction, by itself or with extroversion and conscientiousness. Extroversion and conscientiousness together displayed a positive martial satisfaction. The other personalities (agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion and openness) by itself did not show any significant
2. What aspect of personality has been found to be a reliable predictor of marital dissatisfaction, poor reports of health, and depression?
The Big Five is the most widely accepted and used model of personality. The model consists of broad dimensions of personality traits. These dimensions are: Openness to Experience/Intellect, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Neuroticism.
Cervone, D., Pervin, L. A. (2008). Personality: Theory and research (10th Ed.). New York: Wiley.
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Journal of personality and social psychology and. Retrieved from http://internal.psychology.illinois.edu/~broberts/Hazan & Shaver, 1987.pdf
The humanistic perspective on personality deals exclusively with human behavior. Humanistic psychologists believe that human nature includes a natural drive towards personal growth, that humans have the freedom to choose what they do regardless of environmental factors, and humans are mostly conscious beings and are not controlled by unconscious needs and conflicts. They also believe that a person's subjective view of the world is more important than objective reality. Two of the humanistic theorists that have made an impact of humanism are Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
The “Big Five” personality traits and the tests that show you what where on the scale of each of the five traits you fit are concepts that were introduce to me actually in high school. And it was interesting to see how I have changed in terms of the five traits from the first time I took the test to most recently when I did the test again.
Neuroticism boldly contrasts with the other personality traits in the Five Factor Model for personality (Openness, Agreeableness, Extraversion, Contentiousness, and Neuroticism). An individual being high in any of the other four traits could hardly be considered pathological. For example, high levels of agreeableness, within reason, would probably be considered to be a positive and healthy characteristic. However, the discussion regarding neuroticism certainly takes a darker turn. Gunthert, Cohen, and Armeli (1999) in their study, operationally define neuroticism as a predisposition to experience negative affect (negative emotional systems). Lahey (2009) defines it slightly differently, as the tendency to “respond with negative emotions to threat, frustration, or loss.” More generally, the personality trait is characterized by anxiety, angry hostility, depression, self-consciousness, impulsiveness, and vulnerability (Cervone & Pervin, 2010). Neuroticism has critical implications outside of personality psychology. Some researchers suggest that neuroticism is significantly correlated with both physical and mental health issues more so than any other personality trait variable. This increased risk is not just for a particular group of pathologies; neuroticism has been linked to Axis I and II disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) across the board (Lahey, 2009). In some occupational performance studies, negative affect was negatively related to job performance (Kaplan, Bradley, Luchman, & Haynes, 2009). This may be extrapolated to individuals high in neuroticism, as it the trait is the predisposition for the experience of negative affect. Research on daily stress and coping showed th...
Psychology covers a huge field and one interesting aspect of it is personality. Personality by itself involves various issues. Some aspects are Psychoanalytic, Ego, Biological, Behaviorist, Cognitive, Trait, and Humanistic. Different types of behaviors are amazing to learn about, mainly the behavior therapy, collective behavior, crime and punishment, and Social behavior and peer acceptance in children. I chose Behaviorism over the other aspects because I believe behavior determines human personality and is very interesting. You can tell what one is by his behavior, and one behaves according to what place he has in society. By doing this paper on Behavior, I hope to get a better understanding of, if behavior develops a personality or if personality guides behavior. I also see behaviorism helping me in the future with my personal and professional career by understanding human personality and behavior better than I do. No matter what your major is, if you can determine one's personality by his behavior you can really get your work done from that person and understand the better than you would otherwise. This person could be your employee or your employer. Behavior Therapy Behavior therapy is the application of experimentally derived principles of learning to the treatment of psychological disorders. The concept derives primarily from work of Russian psychologist Ivan Pavlov. Behavior-therapy techniques differ from psychiatric methods, particularly psychoanalysis, in that they are predominately symptom (behavior) oriented and shows little or no concern for unconscious processes, achieving new insight, or effecting fundamental personality change. The U.S. psychologist B.F. Skinner, who worked with mental patients in a Massachusetts State hospital, popularized behavior therapy. From his work in animal learning, Skinner found that the establishment and extinction of responses can be determined by the way reinforces, or rewards, are given. The pattern of reward giving, both in time and frequency, is known as a schedule of reinforcement. The gradual change in behavior in approximation of the desired result is known as shaping. More recent developments in behavior therapy emphasize the adaptive nature of cognitive processes. Behavior-therapy techniques have been applied with some success to such disturbances as enuresis (bed-wetting), tics, phobias, stutteri...
(1997). McRae et al. (1997) attempted to find if the Five-Factor Model was a universal constant in all cultures. They also attempted to see if cultural views would change how the five traits were viewed. The researchers collected data from 6 different translations of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, this inventory looks for universal trait dimensions in a variety of languages. These 6 translations were then compared to the American counterpart. It was found that while some cultures did differ slightly in their view of the five traits found in the Five-Factor Model in comparison to Americans, the traits were still universal. All six translations found the big five traits of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and opens to experience to be
A person’s personality has been the subject of psychological scrutiny for many years. Psychologists have drawn up several theories in an attempt to accurately predict and determine one’s personality. Foremost amongst these, is the “Big Five Trait Theory” which stemmed from Raymond B. Cattell’s theory.
P.J. (2004). Personality: Theory and Research. USA: Wiley. SMITH. T. W. and WILLIAMS.
For this assignment, I was able to use the Big Five Personality Test. The Big Five Personality Test uses a statistical skill which is referred as factor analysis to find the result of the personality.The Big Five Test uses a model called OCEAN which is the acronym for personalities such as; openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
The Five-Factor Model of Personality is a system used in order to describe an individual’s personality traits. By requiring said individual to answer a series of questions, this test is able to decipher the traits that are most likely evident within their life. The Five-Factor Model of Personality test gives the test subject a series of situational options. Using the subject’s responses, psychologist match the answers to the personality in which best relates. A highly accurate description of ones’ personality can be easily configured by using the Five-Factor Model of Personality by testing either high or low in the following areas; openness to experience, extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
The Big Five personality factors are the modern way of describing someone’s feelings, actions, and traits. This new factor map, improving Hans and Sybil Eysenck’s two-dimensional map which consisted of a stable/unstable axis and an introverted/extroverted axis, has five different factors. They are Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism and everyone can be described using these five criteria. This paper will discuss and interpret my results from a Big Five personality test including how accurate I believe it is and how this might change in the future.
During an individual’s progression from childhood into adolescence researchers suggest that agreeableness and conscientiousness increased, while extraversion, neuroticism, and openness dropped (Srivastava, John, Gosling, and Potter, 2003). The fall in extraversion, neuroticism, and openness can be due to an individual’s increased responsibilities and time constraint. Individuals later in life tend to be more mature and experienced with emotional feelings and are able handle themselves well in emotional settings, hence getting a low score on