In order to determine the band combination for maximum contrast between land-cover types depends on which land cover type is of interest. There are a number of different band combinations that are commonly used to highlight different features in a remotely sensed image. On the website of U.S. Geological Survey provides a brief explanation to the details of each band of the Landsat Thematic mapper, identifying the properties of each band and suggest the type of land cover that is the interest of study. Assuming the general land-cover type are vegetation, water, soil and urban areas. The band combination of MIR1 (Red), NIR (Green), Green (Blue) can provide maximum contrast between the different land cover types through the strong colour contrast. The bright green represents vegetation, the purple represents the urban areas or bare ground, and the blue colour represents water bodies. An example of the resulting map of the band combination described is shown in Figure 1 below.
To allow comparison between different band combinations, three other types of band combination of Landsat TM is shown in Figure 2 on the next page.
(Figure 1: Band combination of 5,4,3 of Landsat TM image of Pinjarra Hills. The green represents vegetation, purple is mainly representing urban areas or soil, blue represents the river.)
(Figure 2: Comparison between different band combinations with Landsat TM image. Top left: band 4,3,2. Top right: Band 7,5,4. Bottom left: Band 5,4,3. Bottom right: Band 4,5,3.)
The comparison above emphasise on the reason why the band combination rely on the choice of feature of interest. The different type of band of Landsat TM is sensitive to different biophysical properties of the features on the ground.
Question 2.2 ...
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...5/2014,
Natural Resources Canada 2012, Image Classification and Analysis, viewed 20/05/2014,
Richards, J.A. 2013, Remote sensing digital image analysis: an introduction, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin.
Schowengerdt, R.A. 2007, Remote sensing: models and methods for image processing, Academic Press, Amsterdam.
U.S. Geological Survey 2013, Frequently Asked Questions about the Landsat Missions, viewed 15/05/2014
Xie, Y, Sha, Z & Yu, M 2008, 'Remote sensing imagery in vegetation mapping: a review', Journal of Plant Ecology, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 9-23.
Different ranges will have different scenery, but they all have the same setup. Every range is a little bit different,
To compare the mean and variance of the Landsat TM and SPOT 5 HRG FPC Time Series for specific land cover types based on vegetation communities; and
For the E primer sets, there are two strong bands. Around the 1018 MWM bands which approximately cor...
...he surrounding vegetation. Lassen’s environment is rich and beautiful and will remain so as long as it is preserved.
This was created by Annie Cannon; it is a spectra the classifies stars from hottest to coolest. These colors are O’s that are cool, H-R are bluer, M’s are red. These letter correspond with the temperature of the stars.
Study the method for constructing a topographic profile in Figure 6-4. Using this approach, construct a topographic profile on Figure 6-6. Before completing the profile,
One can barely spot one or two bundle of flowers growing in this ecosystem. On the other hand, in the desert ecosystem, you can feel the direct contact of the sun burning your skin. In contrast with the woodlands, the desert does not have plants or bushes tall enough to create shade anywhere in this ecosystem. Since there is no plants, or trees tall enough to block off the sun, there is no grass in this ecosystem and this is why the dirt is what one mostly steps on. There are no vivid colors of plants in the desert, because of the heat present and breeze absent. and you can only spot green cactuses, succulents, and trees that do not require water. In both ecosystems, animals benefit when it comes to camouflaging. For example, in the desert the brown color can perhaps helps an eagle camouflage, and in the woodlands, the abundance in green allows birds to camouflage. All in all, both ecosystems are full of life in their own characteristics. Animals as well as plants, learn to develop traits to help them survive in certain ecosystems whether it is in the desert or in the
D. Effect of Human Presence- The desert biome is a highly sensitive biome in that it takes longer to recover from disturbances. Activities like off road driving as well as cattle and collection of firewood destroy the desserts natural habitat leading to reduce number of certain
The mass spectrometry detector can be used to identify any species that is an ion or can form ions or identify species based on unique fragmentation patterns. The mass spectrum produces peaks based on the abundance of ions that have a specific mass-to-charge ratio. The majors peaks that are produced are identified using a library of spectra compiled from standards.
SUMMARY: We began this part of the lab by analyzing the three sources of imagery, searching for advantages and disadvantages in each of the enviorments. After, we searched for examples of geological features such as Mountain peak on a ridgeline, drainage basin, canyon of the main stream of the catchment flowing just above the edge of the desert basin, alluvial fan deposited by that main stream just below the edge of and the desert basin.
A number of variability may increase in how big is the specie and how are they distributed.
The graphs show the results that were expected from the land use questionnaires. In the tables, the trend in the graphs show the total’s and average’s over 147 years.
The sequence of bands might be considered similar to the image of layers of electrons around the nucleus of an atom.
Land Art is created by combining art and nature in a complex way. Land art is also known as Earth Art or Earthworks. This art is designed directly in the physical landscapes with the help of natural substances and organic media like leaves, stones, soil, rocks, water, logs, etc. Mechanical earth moving equipment is also used by few artists. Artists show their reaction against industrialization and urbanization through the land art. Before the origin of modern land art, it has been already created by artists for last centuries. But this land art movement became popular somewhere between 1960 and 1970 in America and soon adopted by the artists all over the world. The main part of this art is reforming and redesigning of the landscape. As it is created by moving things around, adding some available materials and imported substances to the landscape so it becomes impossible to move it from one place to another. It is only developed to make some beautiful change in the environment for sometime as in the end it just degenerates. Some land artworks are very short-lived; just stay for a few hours or days, while others just designed in open and left uncovered so that they can be deformed by erosion or wind over time.
The world’s oldest living ecosystem are the beautiful and most amazing Rainforest. Rainforests are called “rain” forests because of the high amount of rainfall it receives every year. Rainforests have a very hot and humid climate so the plant and animal species have to adapt to the climate.