Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 2.0 DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS 1 2.1 LAND 1 2.2 LAND ADMINISTRATION 1 2.3 LAND TENURE 2 2.4 LAND POLICY 2 2.5 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 2 3.0 CASE OF ZAMBIA: LAND 2 4.0 IMPORTANCE OF LAND 3 5.0 IMPORTANCE OF LAND POLICY TO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 4 6.0 CRITIQUE: LAND AND LAND POLICY IN ZAMBIA 7 7.0 CONCLUSION 7 Bibliography 8 1.0 INTRODUCTION This paper pursues to deliberate the significance of land and land policies to economic development with reference to Zambia. It starts by defining the key terms: land, land administration, land tenure, land policy and economic development. It then discusses in detail the importance of land giving examples of other nations. It also discusses in detail the significance to land policies to economic development giving reference to Zambia. And finally gives a critique on land and land policies. OVERVIEW Most poor people in Zambia depend on land for, among other things, shelter, food production and conducting businesses. As such, it is important for poor people to participate not only in land reform processes but also in the way land is actually distributed and managed. But most poor people in Zambia have little say in the land administration system because the system is neither transparent nor accountable to the people. 2.0 DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS 2.1 LAND What is Land? Land is a vital natural resource that hosts and sustains all living things namely; plants, animals and man. It is a fixed socio-economic asset that aids production of goods and services and hosts virtually all activities that take place on earth (Magel, 2001). Land may also mean for all nature, living and lifeless. It includes all natural resources that human bei... ... middle of paper ... ...ica. Adams, M. (2003). Land tenure policy and practice in Zambia: Issues relating to the development of the agricultural sector . African Union. (2009). Land Policy in Africa: A Framework to Strengthen Land Rights,Enhance Productivity and Secure Livelihoods. Addis Ababa. Bloch, P. C. (2003). Economic Impact of Land Policy in the english speaking caribbean. De Soto, H. (2000). The mystery of Capital:why capitalism triumphs in the West and fails everywhere else. DEVELOPMENT, D. F. (2002). Better livelihoods for poor people: the role of land policy. http://www.iedconline.org/hotlinks/whtecodev.html. (n.d.). Retrieved from International Economic Development Council (IEDC): http://www.iedconline.org/hotlinks/whtecodev.html Magel. (2001). Union, E. (2004). Guidelines for support to land policy design and land policy reform processes in developing countries.
Our system today is inherently opposed to developing a relationship with the land because it depends on evidence in terms of monetary worth. “One basic weakness in a conservationist system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value” (246). How much is a wildflower or a songbird worth? Therefore, this infinitely complex ecological system, which depends upon an unforeseeable amount of community-shaping mechanisms, tends to become increasingly diseased. “It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial values, but that are (as we know) essential to its healthy functioning” (252).
J. Baird Callicott is probably most famously known as an advocate for Aldo Leopold's The Land Ethic (1949.) The Land Ethic is an environmental ethic which Callicot strongly posits is a holistic and non-anthropocentric ethical theory. In other words, The Land Ethic should, if Callicotts position is correct, be an ethical theory that places collectives, as opposed to just individual living things, as having intrinsic value. It should also be an ethical theory that does not focus on, or allow, Homo sapiens to be considered the only “things” as having moral significance. The Land Ethic, originally sketched out by Leopold is a very concise, yet intricate, piece of literature and Callicott has written many pieces of literature which attempt to explain, unfold, apply and defend Leopold's Land Ethic. The purpose of this essay is to, as clearly and precisely as possible, provide an explanation as to what The Land Ethic consists of, with both references to Leopold and several of Callicot's literatures. Following this an identification of any problems that can be extracted from the theory will then be juxtaposed with Callicott's attempt to defend The Land Ethic and remedy these issues. Finally, after the presentation and analysis of The Land Ethic a decision will be made as to whether The Land Ethic is, what Callicott claims, truly an adequate non-anthropocentric environmental ethic.
Perhaps the biggest failure in the reservation system affecting current times is in the status of laws and jurisdiction. Communal land ownership and federal trust restrictions on land ownership and use inhibit economic development and many land allotments are owned collectively by groups of individuals. Multiple ownership makes it difficult to manage the lands and it reduces benefits to individuals. It is also nearly impossible to use the land as collateral for obtaining loans because of federal protection from encumbrances on trust
Leopold defends his position the advent of a new ethical development, one that deals with humans’ relations to the land and its necessity. This relationship is defined as the land ethic, this concept holds to a central component referred to as the ecological consciousness. The ecological consciousness is not a vague ideal, but one that is not recognized in modern society. It reflects a certainty of individual responsibility for the health and preservation of the land upon which we live, and all of its components. If the health of the land is upheld, its capacity of self-renewal and regeneration is maintained as well. To date, conservation has been our sole effort to understand and preserve this capacity. Leopold holds that if the mainstream embraces his ideals of a land ethic and an ecological consciousness, the beauty, stability and integrity of our world will be preserved.
1990 Becoming Kenyans: Socio-economic transformation of the pastoral Maasai (Drylands research series), Acts Press, pp. 193-201
Overall Central Africa’s dependence on agriculture could improve the wellbeing of the people but a long history of corruption, violence, and prevalent transportation issues have hindered an improvement in the economy resulting in poverty among the region. Poverty will not subside unless these issues are dealt with and improved.
· Land: the land itself, and raw materials such as oil and minerals beneath it. The natural resources that is available without alteration or effort on the part of humans. Land as a resource includes only unique fertility and mineral deposits, topography, climate, water and vegetation. Trees grown are not categorized as land because they have been deliberately grown on the other hand Trees in a natural rainforest are a natural resource and thus classify as land. The reward for letting others use land is called rent.
Capitalism dominates the world today. Known as a system to create wealth, capitalism’s main purpose is to increase profits through land, labor and free market. It is a replacement of feudalism and slavery. It promises to provide equality and increases living standards through equal exchanges, technological innovations and mass productions. However, taking a look at the global economy today, one can clearly see the disparity between developed and developing countries, and the persistence of poverty throughout the world despite the existence of abundant wealth. This modern issue was predicted and explained a hundred and fifty years ago in Karl Marx’s Capital.
Understanding what is meant by land is relatively simple. This comprises all of the natural resources that a particular producer has at their disposal. Most often this means immediate natural resources, like oil or the property on which the production facility is located. This can also include the water or ocean that is close to the facility. The factor of production called land most often comprises the natural and raw materials which are used in production and are at the disposal of the production facility.(2)
An Economic History of West Africa. New York: Columbia UP, 1973. Print.
Shawki, Ahmed, Paul D’Amato (2000), “Briefing: The Shape of World Capitalism,” International Socialist Review, [http://www.isreview.org/issues/11/world_capitalism.shtml], accessed 19 May 2012.
Economic development is highly dependent on the natural resources for food and energy production, which inputs to manufacturing, and to absorbing wastes and pollutants. Thus, there is a high dependency on farming. However, South Africa is not rich in agriculture resources; ...
In this book Ferguson aims to create an understanding of the workings of the concept of development through the case study of the Thaba-Tseka Development Project. To achieve this he gives detailed accounts of the setting and conditions of the project, as well as emphasize where and how development practitioners went wrong in this particular case.
Agriculture holds a significant role in underdeveloped countries. It is often the backbone of their economic and social well-being. It acts as the main source of employment and income, 70% of a country's population rely on framing as a mean of living (CITE HERE). Because most underdeveloped countries have low rates of educational attainment, farming is a popular source of employment. It requires little to no education. As a result agriculture employs many people contributing to nations economic development. Residents can also sell what they grow, providing them with a source of income, thus not only raising the national income level but the standard of living as well. Agriculture is not only a ...
Though the issue of how do you handle land reform without it being forced redistribution or legal plunder should be on people’s minds. Venezuela is such a country where such acts are currently taking place where the small number of massive land owners is not within the “i...