The emergence of the World Wide Web (WWW) has brought exciting new possibilities in information access and electronic business. The WWW has grown to be the largest distributed repository of information ever created. Current estimates reveal that the Web currently contains about 3 billion static documents and being accessed by over 500 million users from around the world [6]. Web content consists largely of distributed hypertext and hypermedia, accessible via keyword-based search and link navigation. Simplicity is one of the Web’s major strengths and an important feature in its popularity and growth. It is this simplicity that has fuelled its wide uptake and exponential growth. However, it is this very simplicity that is hampering further growth and exploitation of the Web. The explosion in the range and quantity of Web content also exposes serious shortcomings in the hypertext paradigm [1]. It is increasingly difficult to locate required content through existing search and browse methods ([1], [2], [3]). Finding the right piece of information is often challenging. Search engines can assist in finding material containing specific words, but it is very easy to get lost in the huge amounts of irrelevant material. Selecting the relevant material out of the million web pages on the computer screen becomes a nightmare and manually unachievable as this requires users to read through a large number of retrieved documents to extract the right information. Currently it has been hypothesized that the solution to this problem lies in the ‘invention’ of the machine-understandable semantics for some or all of the information on the WWW. The realization of such a Semantic Web [4] requires developing techniques for expressing machine-understan...
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Since I was very little I used to enjoy surfing websites and using search engines to answer my questions. I was amazed at how easy internet makes our lives by connecting computers across different places and countries and how easily we can transmit information through World Wide Web. In 19th century, Charles Babbage developed the first computing device. Through the 20th century, Analog computers were used to meet more sophisticated needs of the people during this time. The idea of a modern computer came along in 1936, when Alan Turing wrote a paper about the modern computer and its functionalities. He developed a ‘Universal Machine’ which was intended to perform the task of all other machines, it could compute almost anything that it was programmed to do. This is how the first programmable device came into existence. Modern computers have the ability to compute whatever is instructed to it by programming languages. Programming languages carry out instructions for how to computer should function. The first High-level programming language was Plankkalkul, then a series of other languages including c, c++, c#, java which are used today to pass instructions to the computer. Even modern websites are made using these programming languages. The internet was born in 1960’s and the first website which could transfer information from one computer to another was made in 1981. Since the internet was not very fast before not a lot could be made available, but it was still reliable, and hence was used by military, scientists, educators, government and doctors. Mosaic founded in 1990’s was the first commercial browser that allowed people to access online content. The Hypertext concept was created by Ted Nels...
The term “Information Retrieval” was first coined by Mooers [6]. After many early studies, such as [7, 8, 9], IR came to maturity in the mid-1990s. In this section, IR refers to “information retrieval”, where queries and information are presented in the same language.
Gabbel, Alfred S. "How the Internet Changed Our World." Science and Technology June 2004: 73-75.