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post colonial history of sudan
post colonial history of sudan
post colonial history of sudan
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Sudan, in ancient times was the kingdom of Nubia. Nubia was Egyptian, ruled around 2600 B.C. Sudan has had quite a diverse and interesting past shaping the country to what we now call Sudan. From the civil, war of the National Islamic Front and the People’s Liberation Army to the discovery of oil. Southern and Northern Sudan is rich in history, culture, and population diversity. I picked Sudan to learn more about my friends, and to put meaning to what they went through as United State refugees. We will look at Sudan’s History, culture, and population to better understate the country to date. Sudan’s history starting around 2600 was the kingdom of Nubia. The Nubian civilization was the Kursh, and that civilization prospered up to 350 A.D when Christion missionaries converted the region to the Christen faith in the 6th century. Arabs at this time had already conquered Egypt and eventually gained control of the area replacing Christianity with their own Muslim faith. In the 1500s people called the Funj conquered most of Sudan; Including the Dinka, Shilluk, Nuer, and Azande. In 1874, the Egyptians reconquered Sudan, ruling it for the next eight years until 1882 when Britain occupied Egypt taking over Sudan in 1898 running the country in conjunction with Egypt becoming known as Anglo-Egyptian Sudan for the next fifty seven years. From 1898 through 1955, the Anglo-Egyptian saw the growing Sudanese nationalists, and in 1953, Anglo-Egyptian granted the Sudanese self-government. On January 1, 1956, the beginning of Sudanese independence was recognized Egypt and Britain. (The Middle East, 2013) (CIA, 2013) Page 2 of ? After the withdraw of Egypt and Britain, Sudan has been run by a number rickety / unstable government groups and milit... ... middle of paper ... ...er the years. Page 4 The languages most spoken are Arabic, English, Dinka, Nuer, Bari and ZandeI. The linguistic and ethnic diversity makes the Sudanese culture one of the most complex in the world. The main religions of the Sudanese are Islam and Christianity. Islam, which has spread widely through northern Sudan and Christianity, was spread to the South. Looking at the map to the right, you will see Islam being the number one, Christianity is number two, and Animism is the number three religion in either Sudan or South Sudan. The Sudanese population is 34,847,910 that breaks down as, 0-14 years: 41.4% male 7,337,924/female 7,104,702, 15-24 years: 20% male 3,596,729/female 3,376,682, 25-54 years: 31.4% male 5,316,659/female 5,639,494, 55-64 years: 3.8% male 711,596/female 620,962, and 65 years and over: 3.3% male 629,312/female 513,850. (CIA, 2013) (CNN, 2013)
Reeves, Eric, Massimo Calabresi, Sam Dealey, and Stephan Faris. “The Tragedy of Sudan.” Time. Time Inc, 4 Oct. 2004. Web and Print. 15 April 2014. .
Ancient Kush was located South of Egypt, in an area historically known as Nubia. It was the center of the blue and white Nile and the River Atbara. Today the world’s newest nation and Africa’s 55th country, Republic of Sudan sits there. The Republic Sudan currently has a population 45.7 million with a presidential republic government,Omar al-Bashir is currently the president .
In 2011, after nearly 50 years of conflict, citizens of the southern half of Sudan voted to secede and form their own country. On 9 July 2011, South Sudan was created amidst the uphill battle of legitimacy, governance, and economic stability in an already volatile region. Widespread poverty and an underdeveloped infrastructure plague the chances of South Sudan’s success.
In 1898, Britain and Egypt took control over Sudan. This didn’t include Darfur, which was an independent territory ruled by a sultan. In 1916, Britain added Darfur to the territory it controlled. After World War II, in 1945, Britain and Egypt began preparing Sudan for independence. From 1945-1989, Darfur -remote from Khartoum and having invaluable resources- suffered neglect from all governments. Sudan has been independence since 1956. However, the journey that led to Sudan’s genocide in Darfur began in the late 1800s. It’s a complicated tale that involves conquest; internal politics; social, ethnical, racial, and re...
...d viewed independence as the British keeping their rule through their Arab colleagues. Continuous Sudanese governments have failed or been reluctant to change the inequalities brought on by colonialism in the nation and therefore discrimination is being exposed in Sudan.
As the Falolas put it, “In reality, there is no such thing as a nuclear family and an extended family in Sudan because spousal commitments do not take away couples’ responsibilities toward their siblings and their aged parents: this is the basic principle binding almost all cultures in Sudan…” (Falola 121). Sudanese people had simple lifestyles, mainly including agriculture and tending to farm animals, or herding. The main agricultural crops which they produced were cotton, peanuts, grains, sugar cane, and sorghum grasses (Nelson 146).The young Sudanese boys would normally move around a lot, day to day, in modest crowds for cattle herding, retrieving food or water, attending school, or labor responsibilities (UNICEF). While the South’s education was lacking, with hardly any schools or teachers, most of the education systems li...
The Sudanese Civil War was a fight between the central Sudanese government and the Sudan People’s Liberation Army, which occurred from 1983 to 2005. It was mainly a continuation of the First Sudanese
Sudan is the biggest nation in Africa and around six million people live in Darfur. The massacres in Darfur began in 2003 and still continue today. The genocide is let by equipped Arab soldiers (also known as the Janjaweed). The Janjaweed soldiers dismantled communities, corrupted the point of supply of water, killed, abused, and tormented innocent people. Millions of people in Darfur were left without homes and forty-eight thousand dead. Sudan has been in two civil wars since their freedom in 1956. There was then a fight for limited supplies and wanderers began to fight for land. This led to a war between North Sudan against South Sudan. In 1972, the first domestic war comes to a finish. Eleven years later the second, and deadliest, war begins. Over four millions were left without a home and over two million were killed in a span of twenty years. The government rejected any information of disturbance in Darfur. In 2005, the Comprehensive Peace Agreement ended the North versus the South fight. South Sudan gained more legislative control in the agreement. In 2009, Sudan president Omar Bashir was wanted for felonies against mankind and later wanted for genocide. Omar Bashir has fled to different countries where he has been protected.
Sudan was broken by three regions, North, West and South. Each varies among religion and ethics. For example northern of sudan ethnically is Arabic and religiously Muslim, southern of Sudan is ethnically black and religiously Christin while the western of Sudan is ethnically black religiously Muslim. People were fostered by sort of hierarchy where the more arabic or the lighter your skin was, the more intelligent you were perceived. For example, the reason Omar Hassan al-Bashir seized power was because of where he was from and the color of his skin, Hassan lacked all characte...
South Sudanese independence thus far has been quite detrimental than beneficial to the people of South Sudan. On July 9, 2011, the 54th African state was born. Independence was fought to fight challenges that, as part of Sudan it endured for 56 years; however its current state has brought about challenges from within . This essay will discuss a brief history of Sudan and South Sudan and then analyse President Salva kiir’s speech in contrast to Former Nelson Mandelas’.
Egypt, while under the rule of the Ottoman Empire, conquered Sudan in the early parts of the 19th Century. Egypt's new government in Sudan, known as the Turkiyah, was established in 1821. Initial conditions under Egyptian rule were disastrous; soldiers levied extortionate taxes on the natives, desecrated priceless historical structures, and expanded the slave trade. Slavery became more institutionalized in the nineteenth century while European powers like Britain curtailed slavery in the rest of sub-Saharan Africa (11). Britain’s successful attempt to quell the Sudanese slave trade adversely affected many in the northern region of Sudan who profited off the south’s slave trade. This economic blow to the predominantly Islamic territory of the country led to rising dissatisfaction with the European-aligned Egyptian government. Under the command of Muhammad Ahmad, the self-proclaimed Mahdi, Sudan fell into the control of Mahdist forces in 1885. Sudan was reconquered by the Egyptians in 1899 with the aid of the British (10). Britain, which had a staked interest in Sudan, signed an Anglo-Egyptian condominium in that same year which restored Egyptian rule over Sudan jointly with Great Britain. This agreement did little to specify the legal status of this new joint authority but it did stipulate that the “supreme military and civil command in Sudan shall be vested in one officer” appointed by the Royal Crown (10). It was clear that once Egypt signed this condominium with Britain everything this was about to
Sudan is has a total landmass area of 1,886,068 square Km with an 853 km coastline bordered by the Red Sea. It has a population of about 37.2 million people with about 1.9 million people in Khartoum the capital. Sudan is bordered by these countries; Libya, Egypt, Ethiopia, Eritrea, South Sudan, Central African Republic and Chad. The Nile River runs transverse to the country dividing it into eastern an...
“The current population of Sudan is 41,139,779 as of Thursday, February 15, 2018, based on the latest United Nations estimates.” There are all of these people that live in this country and most of them are suffering. Alot of people in sudan do not have access to electricity or water. The people of Sudan speak Arabic or English. Sudan is the third largest country in Africa. After viewing the video provided, I discovered things about American culture.
The rise of this conflict can be traced back to European colonialism. As the British Empire continued to expand it incorporated Sudan into it’s empire in the 1890s. However at the time, Sudan was not the Sudan that is knew pre-2011. There were two a North and a South Sudan. The north was predominatingly a Arabic speaking Muslim North, and the south an English speaking Christian South. To prevent Egypt claiming North Sudan, the British combined the two regions into one. It can be classified as this being the start of the conflict. The two regions, were culturally,religiously, and ethnically different. Tensions were bound to rise based on these issues. When the British colonialism ended and Sudan declared independence in 1956, the borders were not altered. The country was still united into one Sudan. The British like most Colonial powers left the nation with an unstable government structure. The British supported the North more than it did the South, thus creating resentment and tensions between the two after the end of colonialism.
Culture is something that tremendously varies from society to society and is an essential part of what shapes our perceptions, attributions, judgments, and ideas of self and other. Unlike the United States of America, Sudan was not founded on the principle that “all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.” In Sudan, it is ubiquitous that every civilian does not have an equal opportunity as well substantial support to obtain quality food, shelter, safety, clothing, and medical care. Due to the social injustices found in Sudan, it is axiomatic that the Sudanese culture is very diverse from the culture found in the United States.