CHAPTER TWO, LITRATURE REVIEW
2.0 Literature review
An extensive will focus on the variable under study hospitality information system and customer needs to future define and support a theoretical framework
2.1 Information system
Information is the meaningful data in a right structure that present to the recipient. information inserts to knowledge and have related for the situation. Data become information when information alteration to Communicate meaning suggestion or knowledge, or conclusions. information is an important managerial skills. the characteristics of the information are: structure, accuracy ,time, possibility , and originality. Information has been frequently defined as interpreted data (callaos 2002) . Information is a generally established variable of organizational effectiveness in addition information is one of the parts of a method that direct to the organization, and recover and use organizational information, which in turn leads to decision making which provides customers with services (Porter, & Millar, 1985)
Data is important factor in developing and maintaining information systems . there are several type of data in information system management, such as : data requirement ,data standards is the fundamental of increasing use of electronic data and it will be growing and operate the requirement of data communication. data sources include Explanations, estimation, judgments, and opinions. data integrity , is essential factor to the success of an information system in addition provide accurate information and trust in the system. data strong and retrieval the reliability of the system that can be protected from changes in the construction ,in addition its easier to add val...
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...uests (Brotherton 1999) .
One of the principal functions of any act of Hospitality industry is to consists of the front office, resorts, motels, inns, gusts house ,membership clubs, car rental, convention s, attractions, special events, and other services for travelers and tourists’ .in addition hospitality is regarding by serving the guests to supply them qualified services. accommodation divided in to two dimensions: services accommodation consists where meals are provided such as hotels and gusts house and self catering accommodation that consist of apartments where the occupants provide their own foods .The first and the important occupation of hospitality industry is to establish a relationship otherwise to encourage exchange of the goods and services , between those who give hospitality (hosts) and those who receive it (guests) ( Faulkner& Russell 2000) .
Information is the result of processing, manipulating and organizing data in a way that eventually adds to the knowledge of the receiver. In other words, it is the context in which data is taken. These patterns, associations, or relationships among all this data can provide information. For example, analysis of retail point of sale transaction data can yield information on which products are selling and when.
Information Management has to do with capturing information, efficient planning, organizing and evaluating the information to interpret for an organization to make well informed decisions. (Hinton, 2006) The main reason organizations depend on information is to improve its overall management in order to yield significant operational benefits in all areas of the organization and importantly its overall efficiency, competitiveness and responsiveness. The improvements either need expansion in the amount of information required or implementing a new information management system.(Power, 1983) The information management system is effective in organizations when the activities are shared amongst various groups, preparing them for change in the information system by identifying problems and evaluating it and gradually integrating actions in the project for successful implementation. (Bass, 1983), (Mintzberg, Rasinghami and Theoret 1976). Most organizations believe Information Technology and Information Management is the same but according to Hinton (2006), while Information Technology is an important role in an organization. Information Management is broader it helps the organization to build, maintain and re-build its business processes and information system.
Many businesses, especially those related to information technology, view data as a preeminent asset. Some assets, such as physical property and equipment are more obvious, but those that are less noticeable can be of greater value, define an organization’s image and success, and offer a competitive advantage. Information is considered such an asset and the collection, maintenance, and update of this asset is critical to an organization’s short and long-term success. Having information that is accurate, dependable, and current is often essential in a business’s day-to-day operations. For example, many businesses directly linked to the financial sector depend upon accurate and current information in order to perform daily financial transactions relating to the financial assets of many clients. Other businesses must have timely data in order to make informed decisions and allow daily operations to perform with optimum efficiency. Regardless of the business, it is necessary to preserve the integrity of the data and possess data that is current or real-time.
Information systems are a vital necessity to healthcare institutions in the United States and other nations with the ominous need to keep up with technology, research, and science in the 21st. Century. Most of healthcare institutions in Africa still depend on physical documentation, written by hand and afterword’s stored in binders locked away in storing facilities. With the growing populace in Africa, gathering information concerning patients health documents is costly, hard to maintain, and unethical. Therefore, in this case scenario I’m going to target my research, in developing countries in Africa in general, who are striving to improve ideal management information system. The goal is to aim efforts to improve public health through enhanced supervision through healthcare information, such the ability to collect, store and analyze accurate health data, service transfer proficiency, improve data accuracy, value of involvement, increase accountability and to learn about trends. The objective of this information system is to record information on health events and check the quality of services at different stages of health care. The data collected will also help to notify forthcoming healthcare policy determinations.
Wang, R. Y. and Strong, D. M. (1996) Beyond Accuracy: What Data Quality Means to Data Consumers. Journal of Management Information Systems, 12(4), 5-33.
In every business, there is a target market. In the hospitality industry, there are many different types of restaurants that cater to a certain market segments, i.e. target markets. A restaurant caters to the respective market segment through the marketing of several factors, and in this essay, three of which will be identified and analysed how it affects the market segment the restaurant will attract. In addition, a discussion and analysis as to why the design concept of a restaurant plays a significant role in attracting and maintaining the targeted market segment will be touched upon.
In business, making good decisions requires the effective use of information. Business Decision Making provides the opportunity of learning a variety of sources and develops techniques in four aspects of information: data gathering, data storage, tools available to create useful information and presenting. Moreover, using appropriate IT software and spreadsheets for data analysis and the preparation of information provides the advantages of using information systems which is currently used at all levels in every organization.
Information system is software that helps you sort out and examine data. Information system can make it possible to answer questions and solve any problems that are related to the organization. There are a lot of organizations that works with big amounts of data. They are essential values or facts and they are prepared in a database. Information system turns unprocessed data into information’s that are useful for decision-making in an organization.
A data warehouse comprised of disparate data sources enables the “single version of truth” through shared data repositories and standards and also provides access to the data that will expand frequency and depth of data analysis. Due to these reasons, data warehouse is the foundation for business intelligence.
Components of marketing mix of hospitality industry and other industry are same but the blending process is different as services are perishable in nature. Product, price and promotion may remain as same another physical product but the place is the service provider itself as service cannot be separated from its provider and service is produced and consumed simultaneously. Hospitality companies have to create unique value proposition and market offering (product) set an affordable and competitive charge in return (price) and let people aware about their market offering (promotion). As technologies advances many hotel and restaurant have online service like advance booking, information about service, history and legacy about the hotel make available
This report describes the term known as Corporate Hospitality, identifies and describes its role and function within the market. The purpose of the report is to evaluate and explain possible benefits and issues, businesses may face when operate within the industry.
As mentioned above, there is a need to have the infrastructure necessary in order to facilitate the smooth operation of an ecommerce platform. However, the platform will require an information system in order to be complete. An information system is a system that is organized for the purposes of collection, organization and storage of information which is used in communication. The main components in an information system are people and computers systems that process and interpret information. An information system can also be said to be the software that helps in the organization and analysis of data.
Service quality is a necessary element to success in the service organizations (eg: hotel, airlines, and logistics) (Shanin and Dbestani 2010). Since its establishment in the late 1970s, the idea of service quality has become popular, business performance, cost saving, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty and service quality are influenced. . Every organization has to be very effective in order to ensure the success (Gabbie & O’Neill. 1996). During customer’s hotel stay, perceptions on service quality will only be formed when they are experiencing it. Guest will have different perceptions based on the service they have received, eg: hotel staff attitude, food and beverage, location, security and safety and others (Abbasi et al. 2010; Shahin and Dabestani 2010). To evaluate the hotel performance and also improve the quality of their services,
As such, information systems inter-relate with data systems on the one hand and activity systems on the other. An information system is a form of communication system in which data represent and are processed as a form of social memory. An information system can also be considered a semi-formal language which supports human decision making and action. Some authors make a clear distinction between information systems, computer systems, and business processes. Information systems typically include an ICT component but are not purely concerned with ICT, focusing instead on the end use of information technology. Information systems are also different from business processes. Information systems help to control the performance of business processes.
This report is going to identify the meaning of hospitality. The purpose of this report is to research role of hospitality in this wide industry. How big this industry is and the most important sectors of it. Customer service in every hospitality business. Relation of tourism industry and hospitality between each other. Report also discuss the Hotels industry, which one is taking the biggest part of hospitality.