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A critical evaluation of Mill's Utilitarianism
A critical evaluation of Mill's Utilitarianism
John stuart mill idea on utilitarianism
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In regards to individual liberty, Locke believes that each individual is the judge of their own actions (Columbia Encyclopedia, 2002). All individuals have a right to be free and a right to decide how they want to live without interference from the state. (Columbia Encyclopedia, 2002). Muslim women have the right to freely cover their face without limitations or discrimination from state authority. Bill 94 would terminate the individual choice of Muslim women and interfere with their individual rights and liberty. Locke believes that the pursuit of happiness comes from co-operation (Columbia Encyclopedia, 2002). He explains that individual happiness will eventually lead to the happiness of society (Columbia Encyclopedia, 2012). The possible legislation of Bill 94 has already caused uproar across Canada for both Muslim and Non-Muslim communities. The unhappiness of all these individuals will eventually affect the stability and happiness of the overall society. The limitations Bill 94 would place upon individual liberties and freedoms of Muslim women further supports Locke’s disagreement.
80% of the Canadian population and 95% of Quebecers support Bill 94. According to Jeremy Bentham’s utilitarian principle, banning the niqab would be reasonable legislation. The core value of the utilitarian principle is “to maximize happiness and prevent pain and suffering” (Sandel, 2009, p. 34). He believes that the happiness of the majority outweighs the suffering of the minority. Bill 94 would make the majority of Canadians happy and only cause distress to the minority Muslim population. Theoretically the concept seems plausible, but when constructed in real world situations, it begins to deteriorate. Stuart Mill’s utilitarian approach provide...
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...the Veil [Video file]. Retrieved
Conway, Kyle. (2012). “Quebec's Bill 94: What's “Reasonable”? What's “Accommodation”? And what's the Meaning of the Muslim Veil?” American Review of Canadian Studies 47(2): 195-209. Doi: 10.1080/02722011.2012.679150
Columbia Encyclopedia. (2002). “John Locke – History and Philosophy” in Columbia Encyclopedia Online. Columbia University Press. Retrieve from
Daily Motion. (2010, May 19). Canada Full Veil Ban [Video File]. Retrieved from http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xdd5mk_canada-full-veil-ban_news
Horton, John and Mendus, Susan (eds.) John Locke, A Letter Concerning Toleration in Focus. New York: Routledge, 1991.
Sandel, M. J. (2009). Justice: What’s the right thing to do?. (pp. 58-74). New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
In the article, Chesler uses several persuasive appeals in an attempt to convince readers to support France’s ban on head coverings. While some may argue that banning religious clothing infringes on Islamic law, Chesler points out that “many eloquent, equally educated Muslim religious… women insist that the Koran does not mandate that women cover their faces… Leading Islamic scholars agree with them.” In an appeal to logos, Chesler uses facts, gathered from educated Muslim women and Islamic scholars, to show that this argument is illogical because the burqa is not required. Chesler continues logos appeals by citing the Sheikh of al-Azhat University as saying “The niqab is tradition. It has no connection to religion.” This passage demonstrates ethos as well, but carries on the idea that burqas and niqabs are not required by Islamic law, making the ban perfectly logical. The idea is that, since these garments are not mandatory in the Koran’s broad requisite of “modest dress,” the ban does not infringe on religious rights, making the ban a logical choice. Chesler takes the argument one step further by insisting that the burqa is not only optional, it is detrimental to wearers. The argument that “it is a human rights violation and constitutes both a health hazard and is a form of torture” to women who wear burqa exhibits both logos and pathos. By pointing out that burqas are a possible “health hazard,” Chesler uses unappealing syntax to make readers believe that burqas are unhealthy and i...
Trans. William Popple. N.p., c. 1686. - c Print. The.. 4) Locke, John.
Locke, John. The Second Treatise of Government and A Letter Concerning Toleration. New York: Courier Dover Publications, 2002.
Pollock, J. M. (2010). Ethical Dilemmas and Decisions in Criminal Justice Sixth Edition. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
Review this essay John Locke – Second treatise, of civil government 1. First of all, John Locke reminds the reader from where the right of political power comes from. He expands the idea by saying, “we must consider what estate all men are naturally in, and that is, a state of perfect freedom to order their actions, and dispose of their possessions and persons as they think fit.” Locke believes in equality among all people. Since every creature on earth was created by God, no one has advantages over another.
Hulbert, M. A. (2011). Pursuing justice: An introduction to justice studies. Black Point, Nova Scotia: Fernwood Publishing.
In regards to toleration, one can see that Quebec’s relationship between politics and religion is quite messy. It questionably attempting to eliminate a form of religious tolerance by passing this bill. In this case we can see how the government favors some religious institutions over others, by recognizing some as official and tolerating others (Kessler, 224). More importantly we see the government is barely tolerating this religious group (Kessler, 224). The Quebec government is attacking them, and infringing upon their rights to religious freedom and expression in public space.
What John Locke was concerned about was the lack of limitations on the sovereign authority. During Locke’s time the world was surrounded by the monarch’s constitutional violations of liberty toward the end of the seventeenth century. He believed that people in their natural state enjoy certain natural, inalienable rights, particularly those to life, liberty and property. Locke described a kind of social contract whereby any number of people, who are able to abide by the majority rule, unanimously unite to affect their common purposes. The...
Liberty can be described as the condition of being free from restriction or control, it embodies the right to act, believe or express oneself in the manner of ones own choosing. In this essay I am going to look at the theorists such as Locke, Mill, Hobbes, Machiavelli, Rousseau and Milton to identify what they meant by liberty. The ancient Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle thought liberty was an ideal that could not fully exist in its pure form in th...
Abadinsky, Howard. Law and Justice: An Introduction to the American Legal System. 6th ed. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2008. Print.
of the book. London: Penguin Books Ltd, 1974. Rawls, John. The. A Theory of Justice.
W. Von Leyden.,1982. Hobbs and Locke: the politics of freedom and obligation. London: The MacMillian Press Ltd.
Most of these things it is possible to see through the analysis of the situation that exists in practice and analysis of several court cases. In France, for years women with Hijab encounter problems, both in education and in ...
...Available By: Acker, James. Contemporary Justice Review, Sep2008, Vol. 11 Issue 3, p287-289, 3p; DOI: 10.1080/10282580802295625
Wearing the burqa and veil by Muslim women in France has become a controversial topic. The burqa and veil are recognized in France as a conflicti...