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The history of the covenant in the old testament
Background of the old testament covenant
Background of the old testament covenant
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INTRODUCTION
Covenant theology and dispensationalism has been a highly debated topic in many evangelical circles for the past century. There are many God fearing men that fall on both sides of this debate and even more who are not knowledgeable of either side. Paul Karleen states this issue well when he says, “If one mentions the word dispensationalism in any group of evangelicals, there are likely to be various responses. What is a dispensationalist? How can you recognize one? Is it a person who frequently attends Bible conferences? Once he is identified, can he be labeled immediately as unscholarly, as some might do? For some, dispensationalism is foolishness. But for others it is a tremendous help in understanding the Bible”. Although many God fearing Christians differ on this topic this does not diminish the importance of proper study and research on both covenant theology and dispensationalism. This paper will compare both covenantal theology and dispensationalism by examining the definition, historical context, and biblical context, followed by a personal defense of the view in which I adhere. Furthermore, in an effort for clarity, this paper will examine both of these view separately followed by comparing the two. Dispensationalism will be the starting point of this intriguing discussion.
DISPENSATIONALISM
Dispensationalism like most theological topics is best discussed by examining the definition, historical context, and Biblical context. When these three topics are studied individually it gives a fuller and more complete concept of the given topic. The first place one must start is by defining the topic.
Dispensationalism can be a tough word to define because it is such a vast t...
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Gerstner, John H.. Wrongly Dividing the Word of Truth: a Critique of Dispensationalism. Brentwood, Tenn.: Wolgemuth & Hyatt, 1991.
Karleen, Paul S.. The Handbook to Bible Study: With a Guide to the Scofield Study System. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.
Kraus, C. Norman. Dispensationalism in America Its Rise and Development . Richmond, VA: John Knox Press, 1958.
Nevin, Paul David. “Some Major Problems in Dispensational Interpretation” unpublished Doctor’s dissertation, Dallas Theological Seminary, 1963.
Ramm, Bernard. Protestant Biblical Interpretation. Boston: W.A Wilde, 1956.
Reymond, Robert L.. A New Systematic Theology of the Christian Faith. Nashville: T. Nelson, 1998.
Robertson, O. Palmer. The Christ of the Covenants. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1980.
Ryrie, Charles. Dispensationalism Today. Chicago: Moody Press, 1971.
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Trible, Phyllis. "Depatriarchalizing in Biblical Interpretation." Journal of the American Academy of Religion XLI/1 (March 1973) pp. 30-48.
Charles Caldwell, Ryrie. Dispensationalism. Chicago: Moody Publishers, 2007. Charles, J. Daryl. The Unformed Conscience of Evangelicalism. Downers Grove:
In the first chapter of Nathan Hatch’s book, The Democratization of American Christianity, he immediately states his central theme: democratization is central to understanding the development of American Christianity. In proving the significance of his thesis, he examines five distinct traditions of Christianity that developed in the nineteenth century: the Christian movement, Methodists, Baptists, Mormons and black churches. Despite these groups having diverse structural organization and theological demeanor, they all shared the commonality of the primacy of the individual conscience.
Lloyd-Jones, David M. Studies in the Sermon on the Mount. Grand Rapids, Mich: Eerdmans, 1976. Print
...pse." In Current Issues in New Testament Interpretation, edited by W. Klaasen and G.F. Snyder, 23-37. New York, NY: Harper and Row, 1962.
Frame, John M. Doctrine of the Knowledge of God: A Theology of Lordship. Phillipsburg, New
Carson, D, & Moo, D. (2005) An introduction to the New Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.
Boyd, Gregory A., and Paul R. Eddy. Across the Spectrum: Understanding Issues in Evangelical Theology. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2009.
New Revised Standard Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1989. Print. The. Russell, Eddie.
Kerr, H. (1990). Readings in christian thought (2nd ed.). H. T. Kerr (Ed.). Nashville: Abingdon Press.
There are five aspects of covenant. For the purposes of this paper I am going to be referring to primarily the new covenant that is offered us through Jesus. The first aspect is the parties involved. There are two parties: God and the elect. Unlike the old covenant, the elect goes beyond the Jews. It also includes the gentile, or non-Jew in all the nations. This is one aspect of covenant that has helped shape my worldview. I have spoken to people who believe that God only selects a few privileged people to be saved, and condemns the rest to eternal punishment in hell. I now wholeheartedly believe this to be completely false, and even a heresy. In John 3:16 God uses the phrase “panta ta ethne” which means “all the nations.” There are other places in scripture, for example, when Paul says in Romans 1:16, “I am not ashamed of the gospel because it is the power of God for the salvation of everyone who believes…” He clearly says ‘everyone who believes’ not leaving anyone out. There are places in scripture, such as Ephesians 1:11 that talk about things which are predestined for believers. This verse is commonly taken out of context by those who believe in predestination. He has indeed planned out things He wants those in covenant relationship to accomplish for His kingdom once we accept Jesus and make Him Lord of our life. He does not, however, make the choice beforehand to save some, and damn some to hell! God created us in His image, therefore we have also been given the gift of free will to choose to love Him or love the world. This is the depraved condition of mankind in our fallen state.
Thiselton, A. C. (1980). The two horizons: New Testament hermeneutics and philosophical description. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans, xix.
Lutzer, Erwin. The Doctrines That Divide: a Fresh Look at the Historic Doctrines That Separate Christians. Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Publications, 1998.