Title:
Impact of semester and annual system of examination on students in University of Lahore and Saeeda Waheed college of nursing.
Introduction:
According to Dr Munshi (2112)The examination means testing and estimating one’s ability and performance. It also means to test the knowledge of a student through written or oral questions based on the prescribed syllabus provided for the test within a specified period of time’ (Collins & O'Brien, 2011).
Annual system of examination is that system in which the examinations are conducted at the end of each academic year. This system of examination has a number of drawbacks. It encourages lethargy in students. It destroys the influence of teachers among the students that is directly responsible for indiscipline. It delimitates syllabi that retards students‟ intellectual abilities and make them inactive. It promotes cramming and different standards of evaluation. Behavioral development of a learner cannot be judged properly in this system. It is extremely vulnerable to unfair means, unethical practices, chicanery, deceit, and fraud. Keeping in view these drawbacks and deficiencies, the semester system of examination replaced with the annual system (Patil, 1984).
In the semester system of examination, the semester means “half of an academic year, usually 16- 18 weeks.” It means that in the semester system the students would study half of the course. In the first semester, they will appear in the examination. Then they would study the next half of the course in the second semester and again appear in the examination. In a semester system of examination, one year course is divided into two semesters and two year course is divided into four semesters (Ballantyne, 2003).
According to my ...
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Since this test has been devised, the number one question everybody is asking is, “ isn’t it unfair to base a student’s entire future on one test, when he or she simply could have had a bad day when taking the test”? The president Kirk T. Schroder of the Virginia Board of Education, answer this question by saying, “First of all, these tests are untimed, so no student is under arbitrary time pressure in taking the test.
The founders of the American public school system had a dream that all of America’s youth would have the opportunity to attend school in the best way possible for the times. The educational leaders of today must take up the same mission of providing the best school system imaginable for our modern era. Yearlong education is the solution to many problems that plague teachers, students, and school budgets.
There are various models of YRS that can be implemented, all of which are reconfigurations of the traditional, nine-month calendar. In some areas these models are known as alternative or modified calendars (Shields & Oberg, 2000) and they all have unique characteristics. Because of theses differences, school systems should spend some time analyzing which model will be best for their particular school; educators may find that some models work better than others depending on the school. Estimates on the exact number of year round schedules vary, although it has been estimated that at least 50 different scheduling patterns exist (Palmer & Bemis, 1999). The most common alternatives include the single track calendar and the multi-track calendar.
Goan, Sarah. Krichels. Differential Characteristics of 2-year Postsecondary Institutions. GALILEO. Web. 19 Apr. 2011. .
Year round school or the modified school year is a rearrangement of the traditional school year to provide the students with continuous learning throughout the school year. Students receive the same amount of instructional time as a traditional school. In year round schools, the instructional time is balanced without of school time more evenly. (Winter, 2005) The National Association for Year Round Schooling defines it as “a schedule which contains no break lasting longer than eight weeks-schools are able to keep their students in constant learning mode, and are able to use the intersessions between periods of schooling to address the problems of students who are falling behind.” (St. Gerard, 2007, pg. 57) There are three common tracks of year round schooling. They are the single track, multitrack, and extended year. The single track is scheduled throughput the year into intersessions which allow time for enrichment or red-mediation. The multitrack is used to help schools reduce overcrowding. The school divides the teachers and students into groups of an equal size. Each group has its own schedule. One group is on intercession while the other is in school. The extended year increases the amount of time spent in schools from 180 days to as many as 240 days a year. (McGlynn, 2002)
“One test result is the worth one-thousand expert opinions.” The result of standardized testing can establish many results but do they imply the true capabilities of a student or their ability to study for the test. I will discuss in this paper what the arguments on both sides are for standardized testing.
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Instead of students being required to remember context over a 2 month span YRE reduces that to 3 weeks. But, according to Rebecca Skinner, "There is some consensus that year-round schooling has greatly affected student retention over breaks; however,the quality of the studies that led to these findings has been questioned"(Skinner 2). -- Even though YRE would trigger a sense of a solution to this retention problem, data on the situation has not been confirmed. There have not been a sufficient amount of studies to prove a more affected schedule for education
The article "Year-Round Education: Is Summer Vacation over...Forever?" an article in The Week Magazine, "The students learning and experience during the summer after school is over" ("Year-Round"). Year round education (YRE) is a traditional school schedule in the United States of America provides nine-months of instruction and three month summer vacation. YRE has been present in society since the early 1900's (Bussard). At the end of the 180 day, the teachers and students have enjoyed a relaxing vacation during three month long summer breaks. Schools will continue to follow 180 days system on the calendar; yet, these will have a shorter every term. The traditional calendar is simply changing the instruction and summer vacation that all the all students and staff are in school or vacation at the same time. Many people thought YRE is a good idea for students to improve academic achievement; but there are several reasons why going to school all year round is a bad idea against YRE because the family tradition, work experience, and air conditioning.
Aarrevaara, Timo, Ian Dobson, and Camilla Elander. "Brave new world." Higher Education Management and Policy 21.2 (2009): 1-18.
The purpose of assessment is to ensure that the tutor has a clear understanding of their learners and their individual needs. In education there are two different terms of assessment Norm-referenced and criterion-referenced assessment. An example of Norm-referenced assessment is an A-level or GCSE format which compares other candidates with each other and the marks being compared with the norm or average.
The year round educational (YRE) system was implemented in 1904, to solve the problem of overcrowded schools.( Bemis & Palmer ,1998)Now this system is used to solve many other problems that the educational system has been facing. A YRE schedule allows students the same amount of time in school as the traditional calendar. But instead of a 3-month vacation, students in year round school have smaller breaks throughout the year. YRE can also be made into a single or multi-track facility of education this allows more students in schools and also gives teachers a way to earn a living in the summer months.
+Analysing outcomes of the test and summarize it with some theories of need and motivation.
Education plays a very important role in a person’s life. Basic education is attained through primary school and high school. Education may be further perused after graduating from high school by attending university. This decision can make a person’s future brighter because, in most cases it is really hard to get a well-paid job and live a stable life without having a bachelor’s degree. However, people who want to peruse higher education must know that although there are similarities, there are also some differences between high school and university in terms of assignments, teachers, and responsibilities.
Lohmar, that in higher education, it is possible to see three degrees which are Bachelor’s Degree, Master’s and Doctoral Studies.The first university degree, Bachelor's, can generally be attained in three years of full-time study. The higher education system comprises universities and polytechnics, in which the admission requirement is a secondary general or vocational diploma. The ground rule is that the universities, their faculties or departments select their own students based on matriculation examination grades, the school-leaving certificate and/or entrance examinations (Ministry of Education, 2005) All studying is free of charge.