IMAGE PROCESSING Image processing is a method of processing of images by using mathematical operations like signal processing where the input is an image, a group of images, or a video, this is done in order to extract an part of image or to get some important information from the image. The output of image processing maybe the image or some part of image or a specific set of parameters related to the image. In this process the system treats the images as a two dimensional signal while applying pre-set signal processing techniques to them. Images could also be processed as a three dimensional signal, with time axis as the third dimension. Process The process for Image processing includes the following three steps :- 1. Importing of the image …show more content…
In Analog Image Processing, the image processing is done on analog signals. In this the processing is done on a two dimensional analog signals. In this type of processing technique, the images are manipulated by electrical means by varying the electrical signals. The common example for this image processing technique is the television image. The Digital image processing technique deals with the manipulation of digital images through a computer. Its a sub-field of signals and systems but focuses mainly on images. In this method the input of the system is a digital image and the system then processes this image using many algorithms, and gives the desired image as the output. The most common example for this is Adobe Photoshop. Digital image processing has dominated over analog image processing because of its wider range of applications. Purpose The basic purpose of image processing is divided into the following 5 groups:- 1. Visualization – Observation of the objects that are not visible. 2. Image sharpening and restoration – Creation of a better …show more content…
Although its most common use is in medicine, CT is also used effectively in other fields also. Fields like Nondestructive Materials Testing(NDT). In this a material is tested for its strength and/or for any abnormality in its structure, so that it can be fixed before use, so that no damage could happen. Another application is archaeological uses like imaging the contents of sarcophagi. Individuals responsible for performing CT exams are called radiographers. Some of the medical applications of CT Scan are discussed below : 1) HEAD CT scanning of the head is used to detect infraction, tumours, calcifications, haemorrhage and bone trauma. In scanning, the hypodense (dark) structures can indicate edema and infarction, and hyperdense (bright) structures can indicate calcifications and haemorrhage, and bone trauma could be seen as a disjunction in bone windows.Tumors could be detected by the swelling and anatomical distortion caused by them. 2) LUNGS CT scans can be used for the detection of both acute and chronic changes in the lungs, that is, inside lungs. It is necessary here because normal two-dimensional X-rays do not show such internal
One might ask, what is Spectral Computed Tomography (CT)? Spectral CT is a way for us as health professionals to add diagnostic value to our exams by using the full spectrum of an x-ray beam. To summarize, “Spectral CT acquires data sets at both low- and high-kVp settings” (Lentz 2014). Spectral CT was first studied back in the 1980’s, but Stefan Ulzheimer, PhD, said, “Because of various hurdles, it never made it into clinical practice” (Lentz 2014). John W. Steidley, PhD, states in his article Exploring the Spectrum, “While these exercises were of academic interest, CT detector technology at the time wasn’t yet advanced enough to separate the x-ray beam into its component spectrum” (Steidley 2008).
The CT imaging system consists of a motorized table which moves the patient through a circular opening. While the patient is inside the opening, an X-ray source and a detector assembly within the system rotate around the patient. A single rotation typically takes a second or less. During rotation the X-ray source produces a narrow, fan-shaped beam of X-rays that passes through a section of the patient's body. Detectors in rows opposite the X-ray source register the X-rays that pass through the patient's body as a snapshot in the process of creating an image [3, 8].
...tance, which creates contrast, and having a Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan, Computed Tomography (CT) scan, or a fluoroscopic X-ray.
Advantages to imaging using nuclear medicine is that it is relatively safer than other procedures, such as a biopsy, as it is non-invasive and painless and can detect the severity of a disease or issue and it can see how the disease has progressed in your body. This application can accurately identify the effectiveness of a treatment and whether it is helping or not (SNMMI,2014) Disadvantages could include a negative impact on health, especially when there is a build-up of radioisotopes present. Radioisotopes account for about 90% in the procedures for diagnosis of a disease or illness (World Nuclear Org,2014). The diseases or ailments that are typically diagnosed and treated with nuclear medicine procedures include but not limited to all...
Getting an MRI is a non-invasive method used to look at images inside an object. MRI’s are mainly used to observe pathological or physiological developments of living tissues. The patient simply lies on his or her back and slides onto the bore- the tube running through the magnet. An MRI’s job is to find tissue and determine what it is, by using radio wave pulses of energy. The MRI creates 2-D or 3-D images of each point in the patient’s body. The MRI system can cause tissues in the body to take on different appearances, which is helpful to radiologists who read it. It can also show flowing blood to help show the arterial system.
Photography is the process of making pictures by the action of light. Light reflected from a subject forms an image of that subject on a light-sensitive device, called a camera, onto a paper-like material, called a picture. The image formed by light is then digitally or chemically processed into a photograph. The word photograph is combined from two different greek words. Photo comes from the greek word light, and graph comes from the greek word to write or draw. Altogether photography means to write or draw with light.
Now with the dangerous jobs in the world and even the dangerous playgrounds, electronic imaging is needed. Electronic imaging, an outstanding technological advancement, helps views bones, organs, and cancerous cells within the body. X-ray or radiograph was the first type of electronic imaging introduced into the medical field. This played an important part in the medical field because it allowed doctors to see broken bones and inflammation inside of organs. Another important electronic imaging that was introduce was the MRI. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) aids physicians in seeing soft tissues in the body. With the help of MRIs doctors are able to see whether those tissues are normal or damaged. A little later on functional MRIs were created to see the soft tissues function. Functional MRIs are commonly u...
Radiology technology is a science of using radiation to produce images. There are many jobs you can perform in diagnostic imaging usually a radiologic technologist will oft...
Digital photographs is the art and science of producing and manipulating digital photographs that are represented as bit maps. Digital photographs can be produced in a number of ways:Directly with a digital camera, By capturing a frame from a video and By scanning a conventional photograph.
Nowadays, there are many different types of imaging we can do. These include fluoroscopy, CT scan, nuclear medicine, and ultrasound. Fluoroscopy’s significant use is it intensifies the image during orthopedic, vascular, urological procedures. It is also used for dynamic radiographic investigations. “CT is useful for evaluating soft tissue involvement of lesions or determining the extent of fractures. In general, CT is useful to add to the anatomic or pathologic information already obtained by conventional radiography” (Bontrager & Lampignano, 2010). “Nuclear medicine is more sensitive and generally provides earlier evidence than other modalities because it assesses the physiologic aspect rather than the anatomic aspect of these conditions. Nuclear medicine uses very small amounts of radioactive materials to diagnose and treat disease” (Nuclear Medicine, 2013). “Ultrasound can be used in several different ways such as monitoring an unborn baby, diagnosing a condition or guiding a surgeon during certain procedures by using sound waves” (Ultrasound, 2011).
Before an imaging session the technologists prepares, maintains, and sterilizes the equipment. They also greet patients, explain the role of the procedure or treatment, and records the patient’s medical histories if they haven’t been completed before hand. Once the technologist reviews the radiologists test request or prescription to determine the type and extent of imaging, testing, or particular treatment required they begin by entering the appropriate scan sequence into the radiologic and magnetic imaging equipment. If the test requested requires a soft tissue exposure the technologist with then prepare a radiopaque solution for the patient to ingest or be placed as an enema prior to the examination. During the sessions, the technologist directs and positions the imaging equipment close to the patient’s body and creates the requested x-ray, video, or computerized images. While doing the procedure, the technologist must ensure patient comfort and safety through the entirety of the procedure. They also must be clear and precise when instructing the patient how and where to position their body all while following all the safety guidelines to limit the patient’s radiation exposure as well as for themselves and fellow
CTscans stands for “Computed Tomography”. It is a way of looking inside your body using a special camera. It is an advanced scanning x-ray and computer system that makes detailed pictures of horizontal cross-sections of the body, or the part of the body that is x-rayed. A CT scan is a diagnostic test that combines the use of x-ray with computer technology. A series of x-beams from many different angles are used to get these cross-sectional images of the patient’s body. In a computer, these pictures are assembled into a 3-dimentianal picture that can display organs, tissues, bones, and any such thing. It can even show ducts, blood vessels and tumors. One of the advantages of CT is that it clearly shows soft tissue structures (such as brain), as well as dense tissue structure (such as bone). The pictures of a Ctscanner are a lot more detailed than the pictures of a regular X-ray machine. It can make pictures of areas protected or surrounded by bones, which a regular X-ray machine can not. Because of this, a CT scanner is said to be 100 times as affective and clever as an ordinary X-ray, and can therefore diagnose some diseases a lot earlier and quicker. It is recent technology that has made it possible to accurately scan objects into a computer in three dimensions, even though the machines and ideas were developed in the 1970s. In the 70s doctors started to use this new type of machine that could give detailed pictures of organs that the older type of x-ray, machine could not give.
The final step is called rendering. During rendering, the computer calculates the effect of light, color, and texture on the model's surface. For a film or video, the computer will produce a two-dimensional digital picture of the characters for each frame of the animation. The computer artist usually adjusts many visual effects, such as camera focus and transparency, during the rendering phase.
All the direct and indirect techniques that are used to produce an image of the
The first step is to transform the signal from analog to digital, if the camera itself is not digital already. The data is then processed and based on the results certain actions are taken. The processing occurs in the camera itself, if required hardware for this is built in, or the data is sent to a computer.