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human embryonic stem cell essay
embryonic and adult stem cells
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Human Embryonic Stem cells and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells are two modern methods of research; and treatment being aimed at the treatment of cancer, and many degenerative and genetic diseases. Stem cells are cells with the ability to develop into a cell of a different type, some types of stem cells are able to differentiate or change into a cell which is specific and functional to a specific tissue or organ system. This unique ability is what many scientists are trying to focus towards regeneration of different tissues, or the creation of new tissue to help cure, or treat diseases like cancer, multiple sclerosis, and alzheimer's. Human Embryonic Stem Cells originate from a preimplantation phase embryonic cell. These cells have the unique ability to differentiate into any type of cell. These cells are able to divide quickly, like they would during the process of fetal development. These qualities have made it possible for researchers to understand when and how certain cells differentiate, or change, to develop into different types of cells. Because of this, the researchers have been able to pinpoint the locations of certain genes and their gene switches, and are able to replicate this process in order to develop new tissue. These human embryonic stem cells are generated by a process of transferring cells from an embryo into a nutrient filled culture disc. On this disc the cells grow and divide. Once cells span the whole disc some of the cells are replated into fresh nutrient discs so that they will continue to divide and multiply. This process is completed and repeated several times so that there will be several millions of cells for the researcher to work with. The cells which are produced much undergo certain testing in o... ... middle of paper ... ...also been cases of induced pluripotent cell therapy causing malignant tumor formation. Much more research and testing is essential before this can become an effective method of treatment and disease research. Different viruses are being tested for the transportation of the factors, and different types of cells are being tested for their likelihood of being converted back into stem cells. Because of the controversy that using human embryonic stem cells has caused over the definition of life itself and how it is being used or abused by research scientists, it is easy to see how people can get swept away in looking toward something like induced pluripotent cells to replace embryonic research completely within the stem cell realm. Works Cited "Frequently Asked Questions." What Are Embryonic Stem Cells? [Stem Cell Information]. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Mar. 2014.
Stem cells are pluripotent cells of the body which are “undifferentiated.” This means that stem cells can ultimately give rise to any type of body tissue. Thus stem cells have the potential to cure a vast number of diseases and physical ailments including Parkinson’s, diabetes, spinal cord injury, and heart disease. Consequently, stem cell research and the development of associated medical applications are of great interest to the scientific and medical community. The area of stem cell research involving human embryonic stem cells is of particular interest in that embryonic stem cells are derived from week-old blastocysts developed from in vitro fertilized eggs. As opposed to adult stem cells, which must undergo a complicated process of de-differen...
What are Stem Cells and what do they do? Stem cells are cells made of the bodies “raw materials” and are the only type of cells in the body that have “a natural ability to generate new cell types.”(“Stem Cell Transplant”) Stem Cells have the potential to treat or cure a wide range of diseases and disorders, such as: Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, etc., that affect billions of people worldwide. With a subject such as embryonic stem cell research, whether or not the costs outweigh the benefits is subjective and the cost of life is impossible to measure.
Pro-life supporters often claim that the use of adult stem cells from sources such as umbilical cord blood has consistently produced more promising results than the use of embryonic stem cells (Stem Cell Controversy). Adult stem cells can also be used in place of embryotic stem cells. Scientist have discovered new ways to make the adult stem cells adapt like the embryotic stem cells. In Japan scientists use a method called stimulus-triggered acquisition of pluripotency” or STAP to transform adult cells into a embryotic like state. Using this method scientists are able to take an adult cell ...
Stem cells can help cure diseases, repair damaged organs, and replace the need for organ donors. Stem cells may play a major role in cancer research, treatment, and maybe even a cure. Using stem cells in better treatments for diseases can give economic gains for society. According to the Mayo Clinic, over 100 million suffer from diseases that eventually may be treated more effectively or even cured with embryonic stem cell research (“Stem Cell Transplant”). This may be the greatest opportunity to alleviate the suffering of humans. Stem cell research has a lot of potential; there is a long list of diseases and other conditions that stem cells may be able to treat and possibly one day
Stem cells come from adult stem cells, and embryonic cells. Embryonic (blastocyst) stem cells come from embryos that are usually three to five days old. They contain 150 cells that are useable for stem cell research. These embryos are usually created as in vitro fertilization (a bunch of eggs that are fertilized but only one is put inside of a woman). Reproduction happens when a male’s sperm is fertilized in a woman’s egg to create a zygote (cell). Scientists can verify the cells are embryonic by them being able to be duplicated and the cells ability to become other cell types; this makes embryonic cells flexible. Adult stem cells are found in adult tissues in very small numbers. These cells are only used in certain areas where they are found such as bone marrow or adipose tissue (fat).
There are many different types of stem cells that are being looked at for research. These include embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, and induced pluripotent cells. Embryonic stem cells are cells that have the potential to produce many different cells in the body. They are cells that are tak...
Those who favour stem cell research are optimistic about the continued developments in stem cell research will open doors to many breakthrough discoveries in biomedical science. The scientific and ethical questions arise as rapidly as the reaching of milestones in stem cell research. There are two main types of stem cells, namely embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. Adult stem cells are undifferentiated cells in our body. But they have restricted-range of cells that they can further differentiate. On the contrary, embryonic stem cells have the ability to differentiate into nearly two hundred cell types in the human body, called pluripotency. The process of harvesting embryonic stem cells involves destruction of embryos (Mooney, 2009).
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). These “stem cells are derived from embryos that develop from eggs that have been fertilized in vit...
The issue of stem cell research first began on the scientific scene in November of 1998 when researchers first reported the isolation of human embryonic stem cells. The discovery, made by Dr. James A. Thomson, a biologist at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, offered great promise for new ways of treating diseases through stem cell use. The stem cells, which are derived from several-day-old embryos, can theoretically differentiate into virtually any type of human cell, ranging from blood cells to skin cells (American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2011). According to the American Medical Association (2013), a stem cell is an immature cell that has the potential to become specialized into different types of cells throughout the body. There are two basic types of stem cells: adult stems cells and embryonic stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are produced when a newly fertilized egg begins...
...rshal, V.S., and Jones, J.M. 1998. Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts. Science 282, 1145-1147.
Before forming into a zygote these cells meticulously form into the genetic composition that will structurally turn into all the various specimen cultures that derive into our vital organs, nerves, bone marrow, muscle, etc. the various specimen cultures that derive into our vital organs, nerves, bone marrow, muscle, etc. “Scientists have been able to do experiments with Human Embryonic Stem Cells (HESC) since 1998, when a group led by Dr. James Thomson at the University of Wisconsin developed a technique to isolate and grow the cells.” (National Institutes of
A stem cell is a cell that does not have a specific job, function or structure and are known as undifferentiated cells which have the potential of becoming many different cell types within the human body. Embryonic stem cells are taken from embryos and are known as pluripotent because they can become all cell types of the body. After development, adult stem cells are found to multiply by cell division to replace dying cells and restore damaged tissues. They are known to be limited to differentiating into different cell types of their own original tissue origin. Embryonic stem cells are taken from three main sources in a human including from cell lines that already exist, spare embryos left over from fertility treatment and from custom made embryos. Adult stem cells can be found in organs and tissues like brain tissue, bone marrow, blood vessels, gut, liver and more. Scientists are now trying to discover how some tissues and organs contain a small number of adult stem cells and how these stem cells help to maintain the tissues and organs.
They are isolated by breaking open an embryo and removing the inner cells. This process necessarily destroys the embryo. This procedure is usually performed on a two-year-old embryo following the division of the fertilized cell into eight different blastomeres. Embryonic stem cells could be extracted from blastomeres, but usually harvesting such stem cells necessitates the destruction of the embryo. Embryonic stem cells can, however, perform all the wonders claimed for them in tissue regeneration and differentiation. One author describes the wonders of embryonic stem cells as “apparently limitless growth in the lab dish.” Many tests have been proven to demonstrate that embryonic stem cells can form many different tissues that are functional. In a peer reviewed article written by Ole Johan Borge, the use of embryonic stem cells in the clinic is described. He says, “Stem cells are currently only being used to a limited extent in routine clinical practice. However, there is considerable hope that stem cells can be utilized in the treatment of a wide array of human disorders by replenishing lost or unfunctional cells. Diseases like Alzheimers, Parkinson, immune deficiencies, anemia and type I diabetes are all candidate diseases potentially suitable for stem cell-aided therapy.” So far there is evidence that embryonic stem cells cultured in the lab is extremely beneficial. There have been studies performed on animals that
Initially, ebriyonic stem cells are isolated from a four- or five-day-old human embryo that is in the blastocyst phase of development. They are currently obtained with patients’ permission from donors. The embryos are usually extras that have been created in IVF (in vitro fertilization) c...
Stem cells research can help the human with cancer, birth defects and help to build normal cells it is only normal that we should research stem cells. Stem cells are special cells that are undifferentiated and have the capability to become many other types of cells. All stem cells have the ability to renew, replicate, and divide; thus, producing new cells. These cells are separated into categories according to their potential to become other types of cells. Two main stem cell types are embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. Embryonic stem cells come from four to five day old embryos. They can be found on the inside of the placenta. These stem cells are considered pluripotent, meaning that they can become almost all possible types of