How did the Cold War affect the politics of Germany and Italy?
The Cold War was the most important historic event in the 20th century after the Second World War, from 1945 till 1991 between two most powerful countries in that period – Soviet Union and USA. The Cold War invested a lot in world politics. What is the Cold War? This was a war for dominance in the world. In 1945 the USA was the only one country in the world that had the nuclear weapons. But in the 1949 USSR started to learn their nuclear weapons. In further developments forced the USSR was soon created by nuclear, and then thermonuclear weapons. (Isaacs J, 2008) Fight has become very dangerous for all.
Germany and Italy did not play the latest role in this war. German question in the post-war period was one of the main, and about Cold war too. Let's look at Italy and Germany during the Cold War and how it affected their future.
After World War II, many countries have serious problems in almost all areas, political, social and economic. At one of the winners of the major issues after the war were the German question and the reason for the conflict between them, and led to the division of Germany and Europe.
June 5 supreme power passed to the victorious countries: USA, UK, France and the Soviet Union. (Kettenacker L, 1997) Their main purpose, according to the London Protocol of September 12, 1944 and subsequent agreements, was the implementation of complete control over Germany (Douglas R, 2013) At the heart of this policy lay partition of the country into three zones of occupation, section of Berlin into three parts and the creation of a joint Supervisory Board of three commanders. The division of Germany into zones of occupation had ever recapture her desire for wor...
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...08, Italy also hit this crisis and many countries in Southern Europe.
Bibliography:
1. Douglas R (2013). ‘Orderly and Humane: The Expulsion of the Germans after the Second World War’. Published by Yale University Press (3 Sep 2013)
2. Ginsborg P (1990). ‘A History of Contemporary Italy: Society and Politics: 1943-1980’ Published by Penguin; Reprint edition (27 Sep 1990).
3. Hagen W (2012). ‘German History in Modern Times: Four Lives of the Nation’. Published by Cambridge University Press (13 Feb 2012)
4. Isaacs J (2008). ‘Cold War: For Forty-five Years the World Held its Breath’. Published by Abacus, 2008.
5. Kettenacker L (1997). ‘Germany since 1945’. Published by OUP Oxford (29 May 1997)
6. McCarthy P (2001). ‘Italy since 1945’. Published by OUP Oxford (21 Sep 2000)
7. Taylor F (2009). ‘The Berlin Wall’. Published by Bloomsbury Publishing PLC (2 Nov 2009)
action to prove to the rest of the world that Germany was more powerful than all. In
The Cold War was a post-World War II struggle between the United States. and its allies and the group of nations led by the Soviet Union. Direct military conflict did not occur between the two superpowers, but intense economic and diplomatic struggles erupted in the country. Different interests led to mutual suspicion and hostility in a rising philosophy. The United States played a major role in the ending of the Cold War.
Shirer, William L. The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: a History of Nazi Germany. New York:
Only thirty years after the Piedmontese army marched into Rome to unite Italy under one government, the country suddenly found itself on the brink of the twentieth century and a rapidly changing world. The twentieth century would mark the beginning of great changes throughout Europe, and Italy would not be left untouched. What set the stage for these changes, though, were the years just prior to, and directly after 1900.
Glynn, Patrick. Closing Pandora's Box "Arms Races, Arms Control, and the History of the Cold War". New York: HarperCollinsPublishers, Inc. 1992.
Since the unification of Germany in the late 19th century, attitudes of nationalism, Prussian militarism and expansionism saturated German society. As one can clearly see in the writings of the influential German historian, Heinrich von Treitschke, war and territorial expansion were seen as being necessary to the preservation and advancement of German society. He states that, “War is for an afflicted people the only remedy… Those who preach the nonsense about everlasting peace do not understand the life of the Aryan race, the Aryans are before all brave.” The mobilization of the people and resources, for the purpose of making war, were believed to be the means of preservation and advancement of German society. These ultra-nationalistic attitudes and beliefs resulted in widespread German enthusiasm with the coming of war in 1914. As expressed in a German newspaper, The Post, “Another forty years of peace would be a national misfortune for Germany.”
The German Reunification failed in its attempt to bring the two Germanys together after being separated for nearly 45 years. The myriad of negative ramifications brought about by the Reunification only strengthened the divide between the East and West Germans. The devaluation of the East German mark and depopulation of East German cities, along with unemployment and poor living conditions, instigated discontent among the East Germans. West Germany’s “taking over” of East Germany in the act of Reunification induced a lopsided economy with its Eastern half still trying to catch up to its Western half, establishing the myth of German Reunification.
"World War I: Aftermath." United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. United States Holocaust Memorial Council, 10 June 2013. Web. 15 Mar. 2014. .
World War II, which only lasted about five years, changed the course of history forever, and affected millions of lives. Among the major nations that were involved in the war, Benito Mussolini and his Italian army sought to settle their differences with many nations. Benito’s fascist views, his idea of a nation built by one race, and his relationship with Adolf Hitler ultimately led to his involvement in the war. His responsibility, in essence, was to ally himself with the superpowers of the world, and lead his people into a war that they could not fight.
Perkins, John, "Restoration and Renewal? West Germany since 1945," Contemporary European History. Volume 8, 1999.
Italy had been going through a post World War One depression after 1918. Italy was also on the brink of a socialist takeover which caused mass hysteria among Italians. Even after winning the war against Germany, Italy felt they were cheated out of the territorial settlements they thought they were promised to receive. It can be argued both these nations were turned to fascism based on the outcomes the war had in their countries but However, it is impossible to make the claim that the fascist movements in Germany and Italy were identical as the situations in these countries varied nevertheless, it is possible to find common characteristics that they
This arrangement reflected the Allied solution for the whole of Germany. Berlin was an island with special status governed by four nations in the sea of the Soviet Zone of Occupation.
Fritzsche, Peter. Life and Death in the Third Reich. 1st Ed. ed. Cambridge, MA: Belknap of Harvard UP,
[9] Ginsborg, Paul, A History of Contemporary Italy: Society and Politics 1943-1988, (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003), 48.
Italy is not the same country today compared to when it first began to establish itself on the globe. Italy was under the rule of the Roman Empire for seven centuries before finally breaking out and being the cultural center of the western part of the world for three centuries. The annexation of Venetia in 1866 and of Papal Rome in 1870 marked the complete unification of the peninsula of Italy into one nation. Italy entered World War I on the side of the allies when Germany embarked upon an offensive war. When the war ended and the dust settled, Italy had obtained far less territory than they expected to. Italy, United States, France, and Canada, along with a few other countries, were the founding members of NATO, established in 1949. However, during Italy’s economic rebuild terrorist attacks