Aim of this study was to develop the TLC and HPTLC finger print profiles for various secondary metabolites of methanolic stem extracts of the traditional medicinal climber, Solena amplexicaulis. These studies were carried out as per the methods of Harborne and Wagner et al. The profiles of various individual secondary metabolites were made and developed for authentication. The methanolic stem extract showed the presence of 5 alkaloids, 6 flavonoids, 2 glycosides, 10 saponins and 7 terpenoids. Owing to the presence of rich variety of secondary metabolites, the stem extract of S. amplexicaulis is expected to have therapeutic properties. In addition, by isolating and identifying these bioactive compounds new drugs can be formulated to treat various diseases.
Keywords: Solena amplexicaulis, TLC profile, HPTLC profile, bioactive compounds.
The current scenario exhibits the demand for plant drugs throughout the world because of its safety and efficacy [1]. Now a day’s folkloric medicine is being reevaluated by extensive research on different plant species and their therapeutic principles. The chromatographic and spectral fingerprint analysis play an important role in the quality control of complex herbal medicines[2]. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) is the preliminary step to identify the phytochemical compounds present in the sample. The advancement of TLC, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) can provide electronic image of chromatographic finger print and densitogram to detect the presence of marker compound in the plant sample. Both the methods are more efficient, faster and the results are reliable and reproducible[3].
Solena amplexicaulis, commonly called a creeping cucumber, belongs to the family Cucurbitacea...
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...eas, 3727.1AU and 1782.0AU were observed at the Rf of 0.64 and 0.57 respectively. Suitable solvent system determined was n-hexane:ethylacetate (7.2:2.9). More than 40,000 individual terpenoids are known to exist in nature with new compounds being discovered every year[24]. A large number of terpenoids exhibit cytotoxicity against a variety of tumor cells and cancer preventive as well as anticancer efficacy in preclinical animal models[25,26].
Based on the results in the study, we conclude that the methanolic extract of stem part of S. amplexicaulis has considerable amount of secondary metabolites which might act as pharmacotherapeutic agent in future. It will help the manufacturer for quality control and standardization of herbal formulations and act as biochemical markers for this medicinally important plant in the pharma industry and plant systematic studies.
Lindberg, D. (n.d.). Herbal Medicine: MedlinePlus. U.S National Library of Medicine. Retrieved May 7, 2014, from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/herbal
The effectiveness of any plant is not due to the action of any one chemical as modern science would have you believe. When plants are synthesized in a lab, they are analyzed to find their most potent and active components. The rest of the plant is left behind. What science is forgetting is that each leaf, stem, flower and root work in their own unique way to deliver what is need to the body.
Many plants and plant derived products are used in cancer therapy as cytotoxic agents. Examples include Taxol that is used for breast cancer (which gets its active constituent from Pacific Yew tree) and the vinca alkaloids used for leukaemia (from the Madagascar ...
Crude alkaloids and saponins in the faba seeds extract were estimated to be 2.99% and 0.002% respectively. Their presence in moderate amount in faba seeds divulges its therapeutic significance. These alkaloids in a diet consisting of faba seeds may prove helpful for healing of wounds, varicose ulcers, hemorrhoids, frost-bite and burn in herbal medicine. Saponins, on the other hand, are anti-nutritional factors and can reduce the uptake of certain nutrients including cholesterol and glucose at the gut through intra lumenal physicochemical interaction (Okwu & Okwu)[25]. Saponin was observed in negligible amounts in the sample.
One of the major aspects of biodiversity is its assessment, which is nominated by its resources. Much concentration in drug plants was evinced during the early period of civilization. The use of plants for remedial purpose various human ailments and has prominently figured in ancient manuscripts such as ‘The Rigvedas’,‘The Bible’, ‘The Iliad’, ‘The Odyssey’, ‘The Sushrutsamhita’ and ‘The History of Herodotus’. The ancient Chinese were by means of drug plants more than six centuries ago. They were the pioneers in using plants as a valuable source of medicine.
Due to the versatility and inexpensiveness of thin layer chromatography, it is one of the most widely used techniques in laboratories today. Thin layer chromatography has many uses in the realms of pharmaceuticals, forensics, industry and most especially organic chemistry.
... for the treatment of anxiety, and in improving intellect and memory for several centuries. This plant is known to perform memory boosting activity. In addition to this activity, the plant is also claimed to be useful in the treatment of cardiac, respiratory and neuropharmacological disorders like stress, insomnia, depression, insanity, psychosis, and epilepsy. It was also reported to possess analgesic, anti-inflammatory, free radical scavenging, antipyretic, sedative and anti-lipid peroxidative activities. The pharmacological properties of B. monnieri plant were studied extensively and the activities were attributed mainly due to the presence of characteristic saponins called as bacosides (Prakash et al., 2013). This bacosides, are complex mixture of structurally closely related compounds, glycosides of either jujubogenin or pseudojujubogenin (Jain et al., 2012).
The crude extract obtained by solvent extraction was subjected to various qualitative tests to detect the presence of common chemical constituents as:
In this quest of alternative drug development, plant origins are appearing as a vast resource of easily serviceable option. From early 19th century to until recent, plant products and derivatives
Objective: The objective of this paper is to identify the molecular structure of chemical constituents of commonly used botanicals and to investigate the relationship of botanical supplements to liver toxicity.
Medicinal plants have been used extensively as sources for numerous active constituents for treating human diseases and for its therapeutic value (Nostro et al., 2000). The use of plants in treating ailments has been known for thousands of years through the empirical knowledge gathered about the usefulness and harmful properties of different plants and by intuition. Many of these indigenous plants are used as food plants, added to food meant for pregnant women and nursing mothers for medicinal purposes (Edeoga, 2005). Hence it is very important to scientifically understand the chemical composition and bioactive constituent and the biological activity of the different plant part with regards to their usage in both orthodox and primary health care.
Flavanoids, carotenoids, phenols, sterols, quinones and sterols etc are the examples of phytochemicals. Sasi kumar et al., (2014) indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavanoids, saponins, carbohydrates, terpenoids, sterols and phenols in the ethanolic extract of coriander. Coumarins, steroids, tannins and sterols were present in the coriander (Tacouri et al., 2013). Methanolic, petroleum, chloroform, ethylacetate and aqueous extract indicated the presence of carbohydrates, reducing sugars and triterpenes where as glycosides and proteins presence was indicated only in the methanolic extract. Essential oil was absent only in the petroleum extract while others indicated the presence of essential oil (Pathak et al.,
Traditional herbal medicine comes from many different areas of the world (Indian, Chinese, African, Western, Native American herbs, Ayurvedic and other indigenous medicines) and in most all of them they are still b...
Herbs are plants that have acquired some inherent value to humans (Keller, xiii). Three values that are relevant to this report are edibility, medicinal property, and toxicity. All plants have the potential to fall into the one or all of these categories.
The use of alternative medicine is becoming more prevalent in society. As pharmaceuticals and other medications continue to show room for improvement, the use of herbal remedies will increase as a result. Herbal remedies involve the use of plants for medicinal purposes (Newman, 2012). Long before the modern technology, chemicals, and mechanisms that are popular today, plants were used as the basis for most medical treatments. As improvements in education and resources arose throughout the years there was a shift towards modern medicine, which is heavily based on evidence that has been gathered using the scientific method. Due to the lack of scientific reliability, the use of herbal remedies raises some doubt and concern. However, it is important to consider the effectiveness of herbal remedies that are derived from the natural sources surrounding us. Although in past eras chronic illnesses such as multiple sclerosis, hepatitis and cancer either didn’t exist or were not properly identified, it is necessary to analyze whether traditional medicines and herbs can be effective in treating these serious diseases today. This will be the focus of the discussions in this paper. In modern societies these illnesses often are not curable and therefore considering alternative methods such as herbal remedies deserves merit. Each herb has specific value when being used for medicinal purposes. Some herbs are effective when used to treat chronically ill patients.